Chapter 11 - Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards
What are hydrocarbons?
Compound containing carbon and hydrogen only
What is meant by the term saturated?
Has single bonds only
What is meant by the term unsaturated?
Contains carbon-carbon multiple bonds
What is the general formula for an alkane?
CnH₂n+₂
What is the homologous series?
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by a CH2
What is a functional group?
Part of molecules largely responsible for molecule’s chemical properties
What is the simplest homologous series?
Alkanes
What is meant by the term aliphatic?
Carbon atoms joined in unbranched/branched chains, or non-aromatic rings
What is meant by the term acyclic?
An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic ring, with/without branches
What is meant by the term aromatic?
Some/all carbon atoms found in a benzene ring
What is an alkyne?
Contains at least one triple carbon-carbon bond
What are structural isomers?
Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula, can have same functional group at different point/different functional group
What is homolytic fission?
Each of the covalently bonded atoms takes one of the shared electrons, forms 2 radicals
What is heterolytic fission?
One of the covalently boded atoms takes both the electrons, one becomes -ive ion and one becomes +ve ion
What is a radical?
A species with an unpaired electron
Use of ‘dots’ to represent species that are radicals in mechanisms
What is the purpose of ‘curly arrows’ in a mechanism?
Show movement of a pair of electrons
What is an addition?
Two reactants join to make one product
What is substitution?
Atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom/group of atoms
What is elimination?
Removal of a small molecule from a larger molecule
