Chapter 5 - Electrons and bonding

Question 1

What is the definition of an atomic orbital?

Answer 1

A region around the nucleus that can hold up the two electrons, with opposite spins.

Question 2

What is the shape of a s- orbital?

Answer 2

Sphere

Question 3

What is the shape of a p- orbital?

Answer 3

Dumbbell

Question 4

What shell do s- orbitals begin from and how many does each one contain?

Answer 4

Each shell from n=1 contains 1 s- orbital.

Question 5

What shell do p- orbitals begin from and how many does each one contain?

Answer 5

Each shell from n=2 contains 3 p- orbitals.

Question 6

What shell do d- orbitals begin from and how many does each one contain?

Answer 6

Each shell from n=3 contains 5 d- orbitals.

Question 7

What shell do f- orbitals begin from and how many does each one contain?

Answer 7

Each shell from n=4 contains 7 f- orbitals.

Question 8

What is the order of the sub-shells in the way they should be filled?

Answer 8

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p

Question 9

How many electrons fit in an s- orbital?

Answer 9

Two

Question 10

How many electrons fit in an p- orbital?

Answer 10

Six

Question 11

How many electrons fit in an d- orbital?

Answer 11

Ten

Question 12

What is the exception for first row transition metals when it comes to filling and removing orbitals?

Answer 12

Electrons in the 4s orbital are filled and removed before any electrons in the 3d orbitals.

Question 13

What is the definition for ionic bonding?

Answer 13

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.

Question 14

What are three physical properties of a giant ionic lattice?

Answer 14

• Hight melting and boiling points
• Most dissolve in polar solvents
• Conduct electricity in the liquid state or in aqueous solution

Question 15

What is the definition of covalent bonding?

Answer 15

The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.

Question 16

What is special about boron?

Answer 16

It has only three outer shell electrons that can be paired so it forms covalent compounds in which it’s three outer shell electrons are paired.

Question 17

What is special about phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine?

Answer 17

They are able to use some of their d- orbitals to form extra covalent bonds so a lone pair of electrons splits and form two covalent bonds.

Question 18

What are double/triple covalent bonds?

Answer 18

A bond between two/three shared pairs of electrons.

Question 19

What is a dative covalent bond?

Answer 19

A bond where the shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only.