Chapter 5 - Electrons and bonding Flashcards
What is the definition of an atomic orbital?
A region around the nucleus that can hold up the two electrons, with opposite spins.
What is the shape of a s- orbital?
Sphere
What is the shape of a p- orbital?
Dumbbell
What shell do s- orbitals begin from and how many does each one contain?
Each shell from n=1 contains 1 s- orbital.
What shell do p- orbitals begin from and how many does each one contain?
Each shell from n=2 contains 3 p- orbitals.
What shell do d- orbitals begin from and how many does each one contain?
Each shell from n=3 contains 5 d- orbitals.
What shell do f- orbitals begin from and how many does each one contain?
Each shell from n=4 contains 7 f- orbitals.
What is the order of the sub-shells in the way they should be filled?
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
How many electrons fit in an s- orbital?
Two
How many electrons fit in an p- orbital?
Six
How many electrons fit in an d- orbital?
Ten
What is the exception for first row transition metals when it comes to filling and removing orbitals?
Electrons in the 4s orbital are filled and removed before any electrons in the 3d orbitals.
What is the definition for ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.
What are three physical properties of a giant ionic lattice?
• Hight melting and boiling points
• Most dissolve in polar solvents
• Conduct electricity in the liquid state or in aqueous solution
What is the definition of covalent bonding?
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.
What is special about boron?
It has only three outer shell electrons that can be paired so it forms covalent compounds in which it’s three outer shell electrons are paired.
What is special about phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine?
They are able to use some of their d- orbitals to form extra covalent bonds so a lone pair of electrons splits and form two covalent bonds.
What are double/triple covalent bonds?
A bond between two/three shared pairs of electrons.
What is a dative covalent bond?
A bond where the shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only.
