Chapter 4 - Acids and redox Flashcards
What are the two essential characteristics of acids?
All contain hydrogen and release H+ ions when dissolved in water
What is the difference between string acids and weak acids?
strong acids completely dissociate in aqueous solutions, whereas weak acids partially dissociate in aqueous solutions
What are 4 classified bases?
metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and ammonia
What does a base and acid do?
neutralises to form a salt
What is an alkali?
a base that dissolves in water releasing OH- ions
What does the reaction between H+ ions and a base form?
A salt and neutral water
What does an acid and metal carbonate make?
salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is an oxidation number?
The number of electrons involved in bonding to a different element
What is the oxidation number of any pure element?
0
What is the oxidation number of oxygen?
-2 (except in a peroxide when -1)
What is the oxidation number of hydrogen?
+1 (except in a metal hydride when -1)
What is the oxidation number of group one metals?
+1
What is the oxidation number of group two metals?
+2
What is the oxidation number of Cl, Br and I?
-1 (unless bonded to oxygen)
How does reduction affect oxidation number?
it decreases
