Chapter 5 - Electrons And Bonding Flashcards
Number of electrons in first shell
2
Number of electrons in shell 4
32
Number of electrons in the 2nd shell
8
Number of electrons in shell 3
18
What is an atomic orbital
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins
What are the 4 different types of orbitals
S-, p-, d- & f-
How many electrons can an orbital hold
One or two
In an S-orbital, the electron cloud is within the shape of a […]
sphere
Each shell from n=1 contains [?] orbital
One
The greater the shell number n, the greater the
Radius of its s-orbital
In a p-orbital, the electron cloud is within the shape of a […]
Dumb-bell
How many s orbitals are there
One
How many p orbitals are there
3
How many d orbitals are there
5
How many f orbitals are there
7
What are each of the 3 p orbitals referred to as
Px, Py, and Pz
A new type of orbital is added for each […]
Shell
Orbitals in shell 1
Just 1 S orbital
Orbitals in shell 2
One S orbital and 3 P orbitals
Orbitals in shell 3
1 S orbital, 3 P orbitals, and 5 D orbitals
Orbitals in shell 4
1 S, 3 P, 5 D, 7 F orbitals
Subshells present in shell 1
1s
2 electrons
Subshells present in shell 2
2s + 2p
(2 + 6 electrons = 8)
Subshells present in shell 3
3s + 3p + 3d
(2 + 6 + 10 electrons = 18)
Subshells present in shell 4
4s + 4p + 4d + 4f
(2 + 6 + 10 + 14 electrons = 32)
Orbitals fill in order of
Increasing energy
n=2 shell order of filling
2s, 2p
n=3 shell order of filling
3s, 3p, 3d, 3f
n=4 shell order of filling
4s, 4p, 4d, 4f
Why does the 4s sub shell fill before the 3d one
The 3d subshell is at a higher energy level than the 4s one -> therefore the highest energy level in the third overlaps with the lowest one in the fourth
-> so the order of filling in that case becomes 3p, 4s, 3d
Electrons can spin either […] or […]
Up or down
The 2 electrons in an orbital must have spins that […]
Are opposite
What do the opposite spins of electrons do
Help counteract the repulsion between the negative charges of two electrons
Orbitals with the same energy are occupied […] first
Singly
How will four electrons occupy the p orbitals of a p sub shell
1 electron in each of the 3 orbitals and then pairing can take place:
The leftover electron goes and pairs to one of the electrons in the orbital and they have opposite spins
Like this:
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->
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Ionic bonding is …
the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
Ionic bonding occurs between
Metals & non metals
The greater the charge of the ions the […] the ionic bond
Stronger
Why is the electrostatic force stronger if ions are smaller
Bc they can get closer together
