Chapter 5: Ecosystems

Question 1

Organism

Answer 1

living thing

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

a group of living organisms capable of interbreeding with each other but not with members of other species

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at a particular time

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

more than one population living in the same area at a particular time

Question 5

Producer

Answer 5

organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph

Question 6

DEcomposer

Answer 6

organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials

Question 7

Consumer

Answer 7

organism that relies on other organisms for its food; also known as a heterotroph

Question 8

Auto troph

Answer 8

An organism that can feed itself e.g. Plants

Question 9

Heterotrophs

Answer 9

obtain their nutrition from consuming or eating other organisms e.g. a rabbit, fox etc

Question 10

Herbivores

Answer 10

animal that eats only plants

Question 11

Carnivores

Answer 11

an animal that eats other animals

Question 12

Omnivores

Answer 12

animal that eats plants and other animals

Question 13

Symbiotic relationships

Answer 13

very close relationship between two organisms of different species. It may benefit or harm one of the partners. E.g. Parasitism, commensalism, Mutualism

Question 14

Parasitism

Answer 14

an interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements

Question 15

Mutualism

Answer 15

relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit

Question 16

Commensalism

Answer 16

relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected

Question 17

Interspecific Competition

Answer 17

competition between organisms of the same species

Question 18

Intra specific competition

Answer 18

competition between organisms of different species

Question 19

Biotic

Answer 19

the living things (organisms) in an ecosystem e.g. fox, rabbit

Question 20

Abiotic Factors

Answer 20

the non-living features in an ecosystem e.g. water, rocks

Question 21

Chloroplasts

Answer 21

oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll. They are the ‘factories’ in which carbon dioxide and water are changed by sunlight and water into food by the process of photosynthesis.

Question 22

Photosynthesis

Answer 22

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

Question 23

Food chains

Answer 23

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

Question 24

Food Web

Answer 24

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

Question 25

First order/Primary Consumer

Answer 25

the first consumer in a food chain; also known as a first-order consumer

Question 26

Secondary Consumer/SEcond order consumer

Answer 26

organism that is within the third trophic level of a food chain (carnivores); also known as a secondary consumer

Question 27

Trophic level

Answer 27

a level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

Question 28

Immigration

Answer 28

the number of individuals moving into an area

Question 29

Emigration

Answer 29

The number of individuals moving out of an area

Question 30

Carrying Capacity

Answer 30

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

Question 31

Introduced Species

Answer 31

an organism that has been released into an ecosystem in which it does not occur naturally

Question 32

Tertiary Consumers

Answer 32

The organism at the third level of a predator prey relationship in a food chain.