Chapter 5 Digestive Flashcards
1
Q
Bariactric
A
Treatment for obesity
2
Q
Digestion
A
Breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism
3
Q
Digestive
A
Pertaining to digestion
4
Q
Esophagus
A
Tube linking the pharynx and the stomach
5
Q
Gastric
A
Pertaining to the stomach
6
Q
Gastroenterology
A
Medical specialty of the stomach and intestines
7
Q
Gasteroenterologist
A
Medical specialist in gastroenterology
8
Q
Gastrointestinal
A
Pertaining to the stomach and intestines
9
Q
Intestine
A
The digestive tube from stomach to anus
10
Q
Laparoscopy
A
Examination of the contents of the abdomen using an endoscope
11
Q
Laparoscope
A
Instrument used for viewing abdominal contents
12
Q
Laparoscopic
A
Pertaining to laparoscopy
13
Q
Lymph
A
A clear fluid collected from tissues and transported by vessels to venous circulation
14
Q
Lymphatic
A
Pertaining to lymph
15
Q
Mouth
A
External opening of cavity or canal
16
Q
Roux-en-Y
A
Surgical procedure to reduce the size of the stomach
17
Q
Transcript
A
An exact copy or reproduction
18
Q
Transcription
A
The action of making a copy of dictated material
19
Q
Transcriptionist
A
One who makes a copy of dictated material
20
Q
Absorption
A
Uptake of nutrients and water by the cells in the GI tract
21
Q
Amylase
A
One of a group enzymes that break down starch
22
Q
Bolus
A
Single mass of a substance
23
Q
Degutition
A
The act of swallowing
24
Q
Elimination
A
Removal of waste material from the GI tract
25
Ingestion
Intake of food, either be mouth or through a nasogastric tube
26
Lipase
Enzyme that breaks down fat
27
Nasogastric
Pertaining to the nose and stomach
28
Peristalsis
Waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of alimentary canal wall to move food along the digestive tract
29
Protease
Group of enzymes that beak down protein
30
Secrete
To release or give off, as substances produced by cells
31
Segment
A section of an organ or structure
32
Segmental
Pertaining to a segment
33
Alimentary
Pertaining to the digestive tract
34
Buccinator
Buccinator muscle is the muscle in the cheek
35
Enzyme
Protein that induces changes in other substances
36
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
37
Masticate
To chew
38
Oral
Pertaining to the mouth
39
Palate
Roof of the mouth
40
Papilla
Any small projection
41
Sjögren syndrome
Autoimmune disease that attacks the glands that produce saliva and tears
42
Taste
Sensation from chemicals on the taste buds
43
Tongue
Mobile muscle mass in mouth, bears taste buds
44
Ulcer
Erosion of an area of skin or mucosa
45
Ulceration
Formation of an ulcer
46
Uvula
Fleshy projection on the soft palate
47
Bicuspid
Having two points, a bicuspid premolars tooth has two points
48
Crown
Part of the tooth above the gum
49
Cuspid
Tooth with one point
50
Dentin
Dense, ivory-like substance located under the enamel of the tooth
51
Enamel
Hard substance covering tooth
52
Incisor
Chisel shaped tooth
53
Lysozyme
Enzyme that dissolves the cell walls of bacteria
54
Molar
One of the six teeth in each jaw that grind food
55
Parotid
Parotid gland is the salivary gland beside the ear
56
Pulp
Dental pulp is the connective tissue in the cavity in the center of the tooth
57
Root
Fundamental or beginning part of a structure
58
Saliva
Secretion in mouth from salivary glands
59
Sublingual
Underneath the tongue
60
Submandibular
Underneath the mandible
61
Symptom
Departure from the normal experienced by a patient
62
Symptomatic
Pertaining to the symptoms of a disease
63
Apthous ulcer
Painful small oral ulcer (canker sore)
64
Canker sore
No medical term for aphthous ulcer
65
Caries
Bacteria destruction of teeth
66
Gingiva
Tissue surrounding teeth and covering the jaw
67
Gingival
Pertaining to the gums
68
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
69
Gingevectomy
Surgical removal of diseased gum tissue
70
Glossodynia
Painful burning tongue
71
Halitosis
Bad odor of the breath
72
Leukoplakia
White patch on oral mucous membrane, often precancerous
73
Periodontal
Around a tooth
74
Periodontics
Branch of dentistry specializing in disorders of tissues around the teeth
75
Periodontist
Specialist in periodontics
76
Periodontitis
Inflammation of the tissues around a tooth
77
Plaque
Patch of abnormal tissue
78
Pyorrhea
Purulent discharge
79
Tartar
Calcified deposits at the gingival margin of the teeth
80
Thrush
Infection with the Candida albicans
81
Deglutition
The act of swallowing
82
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
83
Emesis
Vomitting
84
Hematemesis
Vomiting of red blood
85
Epiglottis
Leaf shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off larynx during swallowing
86
Esophagus
Tube linking pharynx and stomach
87
Esophageal
Pertaining to the esophagus
88
Esophagitis
Inflammation of the lining of the esophagus
89
Hernia
Protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it
90
Herniorrhaphy
Repair of a hernia
91
Herniate
To protrude
92
Hiatus
An opening through a structure
93
Hiatal
Pertaining to an opening through a structure
94
Larynx
Organ of voice production
95
Nasopharynx
Region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate
96
Oropharynx
Region at the back of the mouth between the soft palate and he tip of the epiglottis
97
Pharynx
Air tube from the back of the nose to the larynx
98
Postprandial
Following a meal
99
Reflux
Backward flow
100
Regurgitation
Expelling contents of the stomach into the mouth, short of vomiting
101
Trachea
Air tube from the larynx to the bronchi
102
Varix
Dilated, tortuous vein
103
Varicose
Characterized by or affected with varices
104
Chyme
Semi fluid, partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum
105
Dehydration
Process of losing body water
106
Duodenum
The first part of the small intestine; approximately 12 finger-breadths (9 to 10 inches) in length
107
Duodenal
Pertaining to the duodenum
108
Fundus
The portion of the stomach that lies above the entrance of the esophagus
109
Fundic
Pertaining to the fundus
110
Gastrin
Hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulates secretion of HCl and increases gastric motility
111
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
The acid of gastric juice
112
Intrinsic factor
Substance secreted by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin b12
113
Malabsorption
Inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients
114
Mucus
Sticky secretion of the cells in mucous membranes
115
Mucous
Relating to mucus or the mucosa
116
Mucin
Protein element of mucus
117
Pepsin
Enzyme produced by the stomAch that breaks down protein
118
Pepsinogen
Enzyme converted by HCl in stomach to pepsin
119
Pylorus
Exit area of the stomach proximal to the duodenum
120
Pyloric
Pertaining to the pylorus
121
Anorexia
Severe lack of appetite or an aversion to food
122
Antacid
Agent that neutralizes acidity
123
Dyspepsia
"Upset stomach" epigastric pain, nausea, and gas
124
Erosion
A shallow ulcer in the lining of a structure
125
Gastritis
Inflammation of the lining in the stomach
126
Gastroesophageal
Pertaining to the stomach and the esophagus
127
Gastroscope
Endoscope for examining the inside of the stomach
128
Peptic
Relating to the stomach and duodenum
129
Perforation
Erosion that become a hole through the wall of the structure
130
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
Agent that blocks production of gastric acid
131
Resection
Removal of a specific part of an organ or structure
132
Vagus
Tenth (X) cranial nerve. Supplies many different organs throughout the body
133
Cecum
Blind pouch that is the first part of the large intestine
134
Ileum
Third portion of the small intestine
135
Ileocecal
Pertaining to the junction of the ileum and the cecum
136
Jejunum
Segment of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum where most of the nutrients are absorbed
137
Mesentery
A double layer of the peritoneum enclosing the abdominal viscera
138
Mesenteric
Pertaining to the Mesentery
139
Mucosa
Lining of a tubular structure
140
Mucosal
Pertaining to the mucosa
141
Muscularis
The muscle layer of a hollow organ or tube
142
Omentum
Membrane that drapes over the intestines
143
Omental
Pertaining to the Omentum
144
Pancreas
Lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum
145
Peritoneum
Membrane that lies In the abdominal cavity
146
Peritoneal
Pertaining to the peritoneum
147
Plica
Fold in a mucous membrane
148
Serosa
Outermost covering of the alimentary tract
149
Serosal
Pertaining to serosa
150
Submucosa
Tissue layer underneath the mucosa
151
Villus
Thin hairlike projection, particularly of the mucous membrane lining cavity
152
Viscus
Hollow, walled,internal organ
153
Viscera
Internal organs, particularly in the abdomen
154
Visceral
Pertaining to the internal organs
155
Celiac
Relating to the abdominal cavity
156
Celiac disease
Disease caused by a sensitivity to gluten
157
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
158
Giardia
Parasite that can affect the small intestine
159
Ileus
Dynamic or mechanical obstruction of the small intestine
160
Intussusception
The slippage of one part of the bowel inside another causing obstruction
