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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 Digestive > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Digestive Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bariactric

A

Treatment for obesity

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2
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism

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3
Q

Digestive

A

Pertaining to digestion

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4
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube linking the pharynx and the stomach

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5
Q

Gastric

A

Pertaining to the stomach

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6
Q

Gastroenterology

A

Medical specialty of the stomach and intestines

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7
Q

Gasteroenterologist

A

Medical specialist in gastroenterology

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8
Q

Gastrointestinal

A

Pertaining to the stomach and intestines

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9
Q

Intestine

A

The digestive tube from stomach to anus

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10
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Examination of the contents of the abdomen using an endoscope

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11
Q

Laparoscope

A

Instrument used for viewing abdominal contents

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12
Q

Laparoscopic

A

Pertaining to laparoscopy

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13
Q

Lymph

A

A clear fluid collected from tissues and transported by vessels to venous circulation

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14
Q

Lymphatic

A

Pertaining to lymph

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15
Q

Mouth

A

External opening of cavity or canal

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16
Q

Roux-en-Y

A

Surgical procedure to reduce the size of the stomach

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17
Q

Transcript

A

An exact copy or reproduction

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18
Q

Transcription

A

The action of making a copy of dictated material

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19
Q

Transcriptionist

A

One who makes a copy of dictated material

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20
Q

Absorption

A

Uptake of nutrients and water by the cells in the GI tract

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21
Q

Amylase

A

One of a group enzymes that break down starch

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22
Q

Bolus

A

Single mass of a substance

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23
Q

Degutition

A

The act of swallowing

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24
Q

Elimination

A

Removal of waste material from the GI tract

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25
Q

Ingestion

A

Intake of food, either be mouth or through a nasogastric tube

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26
Q

Lipase

A

Enzyme that breaks down fat

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27
Q

Nasogastric

A

Pertaining to the nose and stomach

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28
Q

Peristalsis

A

Waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of alimentary canal wall to move food along the digestive tract

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29
Q

Protease

A

Group of enzymes that beak down protein

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30
Q

Secrete

A

To release or give off, as substances produced by cells

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31
Q

Segment

A

A section of an organ or structure

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32
Q

Segmental

A

Pertaining to a segment

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33
Q

Alimentary

A

Pertaining to the digestive tract

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34
Q

Buccinator

A

Buccinator muscle is the muscle in the cheek

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35
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein that induces changes in other substances

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36
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

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37
Q

Masticate

A

To chew

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38
Q

Oral

A

Pertaining to the mouth

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39
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the mouth

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40
Q

Papilla

A

Any small projection

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41
Q

Sjögren syndrome

A

Autoimmune disease that attacks the glands that produce saliva and tears

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42
Q

Taste

A

Sensation from chemicals on the taste buds

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43
Q

Tongue

A

Mobile muscle mass in mouth, bears taste buds

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44
Q

Ulcer

A

Erosion of an area of skin or mucosa

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45
Q

Ulceration

A

Formation of an ulcer

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46
Q

Uvula

A

Fleshy projection on the soft palate

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47
Q

Bicuspid

A

Having two points, a bicuspid premolars tooth has two points

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48
Q

Crown

A

Part of the tooth above the gum

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49
Q

Cuspid

A

Tooth with one point

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50
Q

Dentin

A

Dense, ivory-like substance located under the enamel of the tooth

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51
Q

Enamel

A

Hard substance covering tooth

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52
Q

Incisor

A

Chisel shaped tooth

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53
Q

Lysozyme

A

Enzyme that dissolves the cell walls of bacteria

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54
Q

Molar

A

One of the six teeth in each jaw that grind food

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55
Q

Parotid

A

Parotid gland is the salivary gland beside the ear

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56
Q

Pulp

A

Dental pulp is the connective tissue in the cavity in the center of the tooth

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57
Q

Root

A

Fundamental or beginning part of a structure

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58
Q

Saliva

A

Secretion in mouth from salivary glands

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59
Q

Sublingual

A

Underneath the tongue

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60
Q

Submandibular

A

Underneath the mandible

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61
Q

Symptom

A

Departure from the normal experienced by a patient

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62
Q

Symptomatic

A

Pertaining to the symptoms of a disease

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63
Q

Apthous ulcer

A

Painful small oral ulcer (canker sore)

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64
Q

Canker sore

A

No medical term for aphthous ulcer

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65
Q

Caries

A

Bacteria destruction of teeth

66
Q

Gingiva

A

Tissue surrounding teeth and covering the jaw

67
Q

Gingival

A

Pertaining to the gums

68
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

69
Q

Gingevectomy

A

Surgical removal of diseased gum tissue

70
Q

Glossodynia

A

Painful burning tongue

71
Q

Halitosis

A

Bad odor of the breath

72
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patch on oral mucous membrane, often precancerous

73
Q

Periodontal

A

Around a tooth

74
Q

Periodontics

A

Branch of dentistry specializing in disorders of tissues around the teeth

75
Q

Periodontist

A

Specialist in periodontics

76
Q

Periodontitis

A

Inflammation of the tissues around a tooth

77
Q

Plaque

A

Patch of abnormal tissue

78
Q

Pyorrhea

A

Purulent discharge

79
Q

Tartar

A

Calcified deposits at the gingival margin of the teeth

80
Q

Thrush

A

Infection with the Candida albicans

81
Q

Deglutition

A

The act of swallowing

82
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

83
Q

Emesis

A

Vomitting

84
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting of red blood

85
Q

Epiglottis

A

Leaf shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off larynx during swallowing

86
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube linking pharynx and stomach

87
Q

Esophageal

A

Pertaining to the esophagus

88
Q

Esophagitis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the esophagus

89
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it

90
Q

Herniorrhaphy

A

Repair of a hernia

91
Q

Herniate

A

To protrude

92
Q

Hiatus

A

An opening through a structure

93
Q

Hiatal

A

Pertaining to an opening through a structure

94
Q

Larynx

A

Organ of voice production

95
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

96
Q

Oropharynx

A

Region at the back of the mouth between the soft palate and he tip of the epiglottis

97
Q

Pharynx

A

Air tube from the back of the nose to the larynx

98
Q

Postprandial

A

Following a meal

99
Q

Reflux

A

Backward flow

100
Q

Regurgitation

A

Expelling contents of the stomach into the mouth, short of vomiting

101
Q

Trachea

A

Air tube from the larynx to the bronchi

102
Q

Varix

A

Dilated, tortuous vein

103
Q

Varicose

A

Characterized by or affected with varices

104
Q

Chyme

A

Semi fluid, partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum

105
Q

Dehydration

A

Process of losing body water

106
Q

Duodenum

A

The first part of the small intestine; approximately 12 finger-breadths (9 to 10 inches) in length

107
Q

Duodenal

A

Pertaining to the duodenum

108
Q

Fundus

A

The portion of the stomach that lies above the entrance of the esophagus

109
Q

Fundic

A

Pertaining to the fundus

110
Q

Gastrin

A

Hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulates secretion of HCl and increases gastric motility

111
Q

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

A

The acid of gastric juice

112
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

Substance secreted by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin b12

113
Q

Malabsorption

A

Inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients

114
Q

Mucus

A

Sticky secretion of the cells in mucous membranes

115
Q

Mucous

A

Relating to mucus or the mucosa

116
Q

Mucin

A

Protein element of mucus

117
Q

Pepsin

A

Enzyme produced by the stomAch that breaks down protein

118
Q

Pepsinogen

A

Enzyme converted by HCl in stomach to pepsin

119
Q

Pylorus

A

Exit area of the stomach proximal to the duodenum

120
Q

Pyloric

A

Pertaining to the pylorus

121
Q

Anorexia

A

Severe lack of appetite or an aversion to food

122
Q

Antacid

A

Agent that neutralizes acidity

123
Q

Dyspepsia

A

“Upset stomach” epigastric pain, nausea, and gas

124
Q

Erosion

A

A shallow ulcer in the lining of a structure

125
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the lining in the stomach

126
Q

Gastroesophageal

A

Pertaining to the stomach and the esophagus

127
Q

Gastroscope

A

Endoscope for examining the inside of the stomach

128
Q

Peptic

A

Relating to the stomach and duodenum

129
Q

Perforation

A

Erosion that become a hole through the wall of the structure

130
Q

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

A

Agent that blocks production of gastric acid

131
Q

Resection

A

Removal of a specific part of an organ or structure

132
Q

Vagus

A

Tenth (X) cranial nerve. Supplies many different organs throughout the body

133
Q

Cecum

A

Blind pouch that is the first part of the large intestine

134
Q

Ileum

A

Third portion of the small intestine

135
Q

Ileocecal

A

Pertaining to the junction of the ileum and the cecum

136
Q

Jejunum

A

Segment of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum where most of the nutrients are absorbed

137
Q

Mesentery

A

A double layer of the peritoneum enclosing the abdominal viscera

138
Q

Mesenteric

A

Pertaining to the Mesentery

139
Q

Mucosa

A

Lining of a tubular structure

140
Q

Mucosal

A

Pertaining to the mucosa

141
Q

Muscularis

A

The muscle layer of a hollow organ or tube

142
Q

Omentum

A

Membrane that drapes over the intestines

143
Q

Omental

A

Pertaining to the Omentum

144
Q

Pancreas

A

Lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum

145
Q

Peritoneum

A

Membrane that lies In the abdominal cavity

146
Q

Peritoneal

A

Pertaining to the peritoneum

147
Q

Plica

A

Fold in a mucous membrane

148
Q

Serosa

A

Outermost covering of the alimentary tract

149
Q

Serosal

A

Pertaining to serosa

150
Q

Submucosa

A

Tissue layer underneath the mucosa

151
Q

Villus

A

Thin hairlike projection, particularly of the mucous membrane lining cavity

152
Q

Viscus

A

Hollow, walled,internal organ

153
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs, particularly in the abdomen

154
Q

Visceral

A

Pertaining to the internal organs

155
Q

Celiac

A

Relating to the abdominal cavity

156
Q

Celiac disease

A

Disease caused by a sensitivity to gluten

157
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

158
Q

Giardia

A

Parasite that can affect the small intestine

159
Q

Ileus

A

Dynamic or mechanical obstruction of the small intestine

160
Q

Intussusception

A

The slippage of one part of the bowel inside another causing obstruction

Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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