Chapter 5 - Cultural Implications

Question 1

Western Tradition - Worldview

Answer 1

Identity found in individuality
Values
- Autonomy
- Independence
- Self-reliance
Mind and body = separate entities
Disease has a measurable cause, and treatment is aimed at the cause
Time is linear
Success is obtained in preparing for the future

Question 2

Eastern Tradition - Worldview

Answer 2

Family basis for identity
Body-mind-spirit = one entity
Time is circular and recurring
Born into a fate; duty to comply
Disease caused by fluctuations in opposing forces

Question 3

Indigenous Culture - Worldview

Answer 3

Places significance on place of humans in natural world
Basis of identity is the tribe
Person is an entity only in relation to others
Disease- lack of harmony between individual and environment

Question 4

Define Race

Answer 4

Can be defined biologically, anthropologically, or genetically; can be distinguished visually from one another based physical characteristics

Question 5

Define Ethnicity

Answer 5

Common heritage and history
Share worldview for thinking

Question 6

Define Culture

Answer 6

Shared beliefs, values, and practices

includes religious, geographic, socioeconomic, occupational, ability- or disability-related, and sexual

Question 7

Define Cultural Norms

Answer 7

refer to attitudes and behaviors culturally defined and considered normal, typical, or average within that group.

Question 8

Define Enculturation

Answer 8

Transmission of culture’s worldview, beliefs, values, and practices to its members

Question 9

Define Ethnocentrism

Answer 9

the universal tendency of humans to think their way of thinking and behaving is the only correct and natural way

Question 10

Define Cultural imposition

Answer 10

process in which people or groups try impose their own values and patterns of behavior on others because they believe their way is superior

Question 11

What are the effects of stigmatization of mental illness?

Answer 11

In cultures where the body and mind are considered one entity, or in cultures in which there is a high degree of stigma associated with mental health problems, individuals frequently somatize their feelings of psychological distress. In somatization, psychological distress is experienced as physical problems.

Question 12

Cultural/ Cultural Bound Syndrome

Answer 12

Among the indigenous peoples of Latin America, in which this illness is most common, susto may be conceptualized as a case of spirit attack.[4] Symptoms of susto a

Question 13

Populations at Risk of Mental Illness and Inadequate Care

Answer 13

Immigrants - choose to move to a new location
Refugees - are forces to a new location
Cultural “minorities” - vulnerable to discrimination

Question 14

Define acculturation

Answer 14

learning the beliefs, values, and practices of their new cultural setting—that sometimes takes several generations

Question 15

Define assimilation

Answer 15

The process of adaptation

Question 16

Five constructs of culturally effective care

Answer 16

Cultural awareness
Cultural knowledge
Cultural encounters
Cultural skill
Cultural desire

Question 17

Define Culturally congruent practice (care)

Answer 17

applying evidence-based nursing care that corresponds with patients’ values, beliefs, practices, and worldview.

Question 18

Define Cultural competence

Answer 18

the process of demonstrating culturally congruent practice

Question 19

Define Cultural Awareness

Answer 19

Examine beliefs, values, and practices of own culture

Recognize that during a cultural encounter, three cultures are intersecting
-Culture of the patient, nurse, and setting

Question 20

Define knowledge

Answer 20

Learn by attending cultural events and programs

Forge friendships with diverse cultural groups

Learn by studying

Learning cultural differences helps nurse
- Establish rapport
- Ask culturally relevant questions
- Identify cultural variables to be considered

Question 21

Define encounters

Answer 21

Deter nurses from stereotyping

Help nurses gain confidence in cross-cultural interactions

Help nurses avoid or reduce cultural pain

Question 22

Define Cultural skill

Answer 22

Ability to perform a cultural assessment in a sensitive way
- Use professional medical interpreter to ensure meaningful communication
- Use culturally sensitive assessment tools
Goal
- A mutually agreeable therapeutic plan : Culturally acceptable, Capable of producing positive outcomes

Question 23

Define Cultural desire

Answer 23

Genuine concern for patient’s welfare
Willingness to listen until patient’s viewpoint is understood
Patience, consideration, and empathy