Chapter 5 - CS3 - Networks

Question 1

TCP/IP

Answer 1

Transmission control protocol/ Internet protocol

INTERMEDIARY protocol that allows networks with different protocols to communicate with each other

Question 2

What were the first four locations hooked up to the Internet (ARPANET)?

Answer 2

UCLA, Stanford, MIT, & University of Utah

Question 3

Packet

Answer 3

The fundamental unit of data transmitted over the Internet. When a device intends to send a message to another device (for example, your PC sends a request to YouTube to open a video), it breaks the message down into smaller pieces, called packets.

Question 4

What does each packet have?

Answer 4

The sender’s address, the destination address, a sequence number, and a piece of the overall message to be sent

Question 5

Hub

Answer 5

A simple network device that connects other devices to the network and sends packets to all the devices connected to it

Question 6

Bridge

Answer 6

A network device that connects two networks together and only allows packets through that are needed

Question 7

Switch

Answer 7

A network device that connects multiple devices together and filters packets based on their destination within the connected devices

Question 8

Router

Answer 8

A device that receives and analyzes packets and then routes them towards their destination. In some cases, a router will send a packet to another router; in other cases, it will send it directly to its destination

Question 9

IP Address

Answer 9

Every device that communicates on the Internet, whether it be a personal computer, a tablet, a smartphone, or anything else, is assigned a unique identifying number called an IP (Internet Protocol) address.

Question 10

IPv4 vs. IPv6

Answer 10

Historically, the IP-address standard used has been IPv4 (version 4), which has the format of four numbers between 0 and 255 separated by a period (e.g., 107.23.196.166). As the use of the Internet has proliferated, the number of IP addresses needed has grown to the point where the use of IPv4 addresses will be exhausted. This has led to the new IPv6 standard, which is formatted as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, such as 2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:7334.

Question 11

Domain name

Answer 11

A domain name is a human-friendly name for a device on the Internet

Question 12

Top-level domain (TLD)

Answer 12

.com, .net, .gov, .org

Question 13

Domain name system (DNS)

Answer 13

Directory on the Internet
When a request to access a device with a domain name is given, a DNS server is queried. It returns the IP address of the device requested, allowing for proper routing

Question 14

Packet-switching

Answer 14

When a packet is sent from one device out over the Internet, it does not follow a straight path to its destination. Instead, it is passed from one router to another across the Internet until it is reaches its destination. In fact, sometimes two packets from the same message will take different routes! Sometimes, packets will arrive at their destination out of order. When this happens, the receiving device restores them to their proper order.

Question 15

Protocol

Answer 15

In computer networking, a protocol is the set of rules that allow two (or more) devices to exchange information back and forth across the network.

Question 16

What was revolutionary about Web 2.0?

Answer 16

Anyone could post content to the web, without the need for understanding HTML or web server technology.

Question 17

What drove growth for PCs? What drove growth for the internet? (i.e., what was the “killer” app for these?)

Answer 17

Spreadsheets was “killer” app for PC - people bought PCs just so they could use spreadsheets
E-mail is “killer” app for the internet - it drove demand for the internet

Question 18

What is dial-up internet access?

Answer 18

A modem connected the computer to a telephone line

Question 19

What is a broadband connection?

Answer 19

Internet connection w/ speeds of at least 256,000 bps (bits-per-second)

Question 20

What is wi-fi?

Answer 20

A technology that converts internet signal into radio waves

Devices w/ a wireless adapter can pick up the radio waves

Question 21

What does the term VoIP mean?

Answer 21

Voice over Internet Protocol - a way to transfer sound (have voice conversations) over the Internet
(converts sounds to digital format for transmission over the Internet then reassembles at the other end)

Question 22

LAN

Answer 22

Local area network - allows computers within same vicinity to connect to each other & other devices; usually in the same building or on the same campus

Question 23

WAN

Answer 23

Wide area network - network over a wider area, such as locations across different cities or states

Question 24

Intranet

Answer 24

Organization’s internal web pages - can only be accessed in company’s network

Question 25

Extranet

Answer 25

Part of the org’s web pages that can be accessed by external parties (e.g., customer checking their order, suppliers checking inventory)

Question 26

Internet

Answer 26

Interconnected network of networks

Question 27

Metcalfe’s Law

Answer 27

Value of communications network equal to the square of the number of users

Question 28

PAN

Answer 28

Personal Area Network

Connects devices & computers in an individual’s workspace

Question 29

WLAN

Answer 29

Wireless LAN

Question 30

Network architecture

Answer 30

Configuration of computers, devices, and media on a network

Client-server, peer-to-peer

Question 31

Node

Answer 31

A device or data point in the network - PC, phone, printer

Connection point, redistribution point, or communication endpoint

Question 32

Ethernet

Answer 32

Traditional technology for connecting to the Local Area Network; enables devices to communicate via a protocol