Chapter 5 - Communicable And Non Communicable Diseases

Question 1

Is a non communicable disease or communicable disease spread from person to person?

Answer 1

communicable

Question 2

What is malaria spread by?

Answer 2

A Pathogen

Question 3

What type of disease is malaria?

Answer 3

A communicable

Question 4

What do people with malaria experience?

Answer 4

Repeated bouts of fever

Question 5

Can malaria be passed on person by person?

Answer 5

NO

Question 6

How does the malaria pathogen get into the mosquito?

Answer 6

By biting an infected human of which contains the malaria pathogen

Question 7

How does a uninfected human get malaria?

Answer 7

By an infected mosquito biting the human and passing on the malaria pathogen

Question 8

What do scientists call the mosquito because it contains the pathogen and passes it from person to person?

Answer 8

A vector

Question 9

How do you stop mosquitoes’ from breeding?

Answer 9

Drain areas of still water as that is where they breed

Question 10

What can you spray to kill the mosquitoes near still water?

Answer 10

Insecticides

Question 11

How can you prevent the mosquitoes from biting humans?

Answer 11

By sleeping under a mosquito net

Question 12

What chemicals can bacteria release? What do they do?

Answer 12

Toxins, they can make us feel unwell

Question 13

how are communicable diseases spread?

Answer 13

by pathogens

Question 14

what is a pathogen?

Answer 14

a micro organism that causes infectious disease

Question 15

what 4 types or disease do pathogens carry?

Answer 15

bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists

Question 16

What does the white blood cell detect? And where does it move?

Answer 16

Chemicals released from the pathogen and it moves towards it

Question 17

once bacteria is in the body what does it do?

Answer 17

reproduces very quickly, then releases harmful chemicals called toxins

Question 18

what do toxins do?

Answer 18

damage tissue and make us feel ill

Question 19

viruses can only reproduce inside a …

Answer 19

host cell

Question 20

what does a virus do first

Answer 20

invades the host cell

Question 21

What is the viral disease tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

Answer 21

Very widespread plant infection. Affects a number of plant species including tomatoes.

Question 22

How do pathogens spread?

Answer 22

in the air (eg in water droplets) or directly in water or direct contact between individuals

Question 23

How do we reduce the spread of pathogens?

Answer 23

washing our hands, clean water, use a physical barrier during sexual contact like a condom, isolate patients

Question 24

What can pathogens do once inside the body?

Answer 24

They multiply and damage healthy tissue

Question 25

What does the immune system destroy?

Answer 25

Pathogens and any toxins they produce

Question 26

Why does the immune system protect us?

Answer 26

In case the same type of pathogen invades in future again

Question 27

What can the immune system digest and destroy?

Answer 27

Pathogens

Question 28

What does the white blood cell detect? And where does it move?

Answer 28

Chemicals released from the pathogen and it moves towards t

Question 29

What does the white blood cells digest?

Answer 29

The pathogens

Question 30

What does the word INGEST mean?

Answer 30

To take in

Question 31

What does the white blood cells use to destroy the pathogens?

Answer 31

Enzymes

Question 32

what is the job of the non specific defence system?

Answer 32

to prevent pathogens from entering the body

Question 33

what does the skin do to prevent pathogens entering the body?

Answer 33

its a protecting layer covering the body, the outer layer consists of dead cells making it harder for pathogens to penetrate, it also produces an oily substance called sebum which kills bacteria

Question 34

how does the skin react after being damaged to prevent pathogen entry?

Answer 34

it scabs

Question 35

how is the nose adapted to prevent pathogens entering the body?

Answer 35

it has hairs and mucus

Question 36

what do the trachea and bronchi have to stop the pathogens from the air?

Answer 36

tiny hairs called cilia

Question 37

what does cilia do?

Answer 37

they are covered in mucus which can trap pathogens they then waft the mucus upwards towards the throat so it can be swallowed into the stomach

Question 38

how does the stomach stop infection?

Answer 38

it contains hydrochloric acid which kills the pathogens before they can make their way through the digestive system

Question 39

What is the whole process called of the white blood cells destroying the pathogens?

Answer 39

Phagocytosis

Question 40

What word should you use in an exam instead of killing?

Answer 40

Destroying

Question 41

Can viruses be killed by antibiotics?

Answer 41

No

Question 42

Symptoms of measles

Answer 42

1) Fever 2) Red skin rash 3)

Question 43

How is measles spread?

Answer 43

In droplets when an infected person sneezes or coughs. And the breathed in.

Question 44

What can measles damage?

Answer 44

To the breathing system and the brain. Can be fatal.

Question 45

Can measles be vaccinated against?

Answer 45

Yes, most young children have a vaccination to fight the virus.

Question 46

Symptoms of HIV

Answer 46

1) Flu-like illness

Question 47

what happens when you have HIV?

Answer 47

Attacks the cells of the immune system | Damaged immune system unable to fight off cancer cells.

Question 48

Is HIV fatal?

Answer 48

Yes

Question 49

Can you take drugs to not get AIDS/ HIV?

Answer 49

Yes, antiretrovial drugs. They are not a cure and the patient must take them for the rest of their life.

Question 50

How can HIV be spread?

Answer 50

Transmitted through the exchange of fluids between humans.

Question 51

Salmonella

Answer 51

Is communicable | Can be killed by antibiotics.

Question 52

How is salmonella spread?

Answer 52

The bacteria that causes salmonella food poising are spread by ingesting infected food.

Question 53

What causes the symptoms of salmonella

Answer 53

The bacteria secrete harmful toxins.

Question 54

Symptoms of salmonella

Answer 54

1) Fever 2) Abdominal cramps 3) Vomiting 4) Diarrhoea

Question 55

Can you prevent salmonella

Answer 55

Salmonella is sometimes found in poultry such a chicken. Chickens in the UK are vaccinated against salmonella. This prevents the spread.

Question 56

What is gonorrhoea

Answer 56

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease.

Question 57

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 57

1) A thick, yellow/green discharge from the penis or vagina. | 2) Pain when urinating

Question 58

Can gonorrhoea be treated by antibiotics?

Answer 58

In the past gonorrhoea was treated by the antibiotic penicillin. However, due to antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are now common. However there are other antibiotics that work.

Question 59

How to stop the spread of gonorrhoea? (1)

Answer 59

Using a condom during sexual intercourse stops the bacteria passing from person to person.

Question 60

How to stop the spread of gonorrhoea? (2)

Answer 60

People who have unprotected sex should be tested for gonorrhoea.

Question 61

What are antibodies?

Answer 61

They are protein molecules produced by white blood cells

Question 62

What doe the antibodies stick to?

Answer 62

Pathogens

Question 63

Antibodies are extremely................

Answer 63

Specific

Question 64

How long can antibodies remain the the blood?

Answer 64

A long time

Question 65

Where are anti-toxins produced?

Answer 65

The white blood cells

Question 66

How do anti-toxins prevent toxins from damaging cells?

Answer 66

By sticking to the molecule

Question 67

define communicable disease

Answer 67

a disease that can be spread from person to person via pathogens

Question 68

define non communicable disease

Answer 68

disease that can not be spread from person to person

Question 69

define health

Answer 69

the state of physical and mental well-being

Question 70

people with what type of immune system are more likely to suffer from infectious diseases

Answer 70

defective immune system

Question 71

why are some diseases almost harmless?

Answer 71

because they're extremely common

Question 72

what can some physical illnesses cause?

Answer 72

mental illness

Question 73

What happens to plants infected by tobacco mosaic virus

Answer 73

Leaves start to discolour in a mosaic pattern. Rate of photosynthesis is reduced- growth of plant is reduced.

Question 74

What happens to plants infected by rose black spot?

Answer 74

Leaves start to develop purple or black spots. Leaves often turn yellow and the fall off. Rate of photosynthesis is reduced-growth of plant is reduced.

Question 75

How can rose black spot be spread?

Answer 75

By the wind or water.

Question 76

How to prevent rose black spot?

Answer 76

1) Spray the infected plants with chemicals which kill fungi (fungicides) 2) Can also remove infected plants and destroy them.