Chapter 5 - Cognitive Development in Infancy Flashcards
What is meant by sensorimotor intelligence?
thinking by perceiving objects and acting in response to them.
What is an affordance?
a property of an object, or a feature of the immediate environment, that indicates how to interface with that object or feature. The empty space within an open doorway, for instance, affords movement across that threshold. A couch affords the possibility of sitting down on it.
What is object-permanence?
- out of sight does not mean out of mind.
- 1-4 months will not search for things out of view
- 4-8 months will search for partially concealed
- 8-12 - object permanence emerges.
What is meant by a circular reaction?
~ Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months) - reactions centered around own body, satisfying and worthy of repetitions.
~ Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months) - schemes centered on world (making sounds with toys), not intentional, a surprise!
~ Tertiary circular reaction (12-18 months) - exploratory scheme (active curiosity).
What is meant by dynamic perception?
perception that is primed to focus on movement and change
What is meant by underextension?
that they use a general word to mean one very specific thing. For example, “baba” may mean MY bottle and my bottle only, and “soozies” may mean MY shoes and no one else’s.
What is a language acquisition device?
a hypothetical module of the brain posited to account for children’s innate predisposition for language acquisition.
What is meant by overextension? example
the word hat can mean just about anything that can be put on your head, a “goggie” applies to just about any animal, and “dada” (much to the embarrassment of moms everywhere) pretty much means any man whatsoever.
What is deep structure v. surface structure?
Surface structure - actual word you hear or read.
Deep structure - is the underlying meaning of the word.
What are the six stages of sensorimotor intelligence?
1) (birth-1month): infants cannot accommodate meaning behind stimuli and source.
2) (1-4 months): coordinate different aspects of their understanding of the world.
3) (4-7months): awareness of own behavior and effect on environment.
4) (7-10): construction between environmental stimuli, source of stimuli.
5) (10-18 months): accommodate to the outside world and discover many unexpected relations among objects; they way the hold/squeeze bottle = rate of milk coming out.
6) (18-24): can now form mental representation; imaging the whereabouts of an invisible object.
