Chapter 5:Chemical Bonding:Chemical Formulas Flashcards

1
Q

Dipole-dipole Forces

A

are forces of attraction between the negative pole of one polar molecule and the positive pole of another polar molecule

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2
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

Are particular typs of dipole-dipole attractions between molecules in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to nitrogen,oxygen or fluorine.The hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge and is attracted to the electronegative atom in another molecule.Thus,the hydrogen bond acts as a bridge between two electronegative atoms in separate molecules

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3
Q

Compound

A

Is a substance that is made up of two or more different elements combined together chemically

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4
Q

Ionic Bond

A

between oppositely charged ions in a compond.Ionic bonds are always formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another

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5
Q

Transition Metal

A

Is one that forms at least one ion with a partially filled a sublevel

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6
Q

Molecule

A

Is a group of atoms joined together.It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently

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7
Q

Sigma Bond

A

Is formed by the head on overlap of two orbitals

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8
Q

Pi Bond

A

Is formed by the sideways overlap of p ortibals

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9
Q

Octet Rule

A

When bonding occurs,atoms tend to reach an electron arrangment with eight electrons in the outermost energy level

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10
Q

Valency

A

Of an element is defined as the number of atoms of hydrogen or any other monovalent element with which each atom of the element combines

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11
Q

Double Bonds

A

Is formed when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms

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12
Q

Crystal Lattice

A

three-dimensional arrangement of ions

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13
Q

Single Bond

A

Is formed when one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

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14
Q

Electronegativity

A

Is the relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond

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15
Q

Polar Covalent Bond

A

Is a bond in which there is unequal sharing of the pair(s) of electrons.This causes one end of the bond to be slightly positive(S+) and the other end slightly negative(S-)

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16
Q

Intramolecular Bonding

A

Is bonding that takes place within a molecule.Covalent bonding and polar covalent bonding are examples of intramolecular bonding

17
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

Are particular typs of dipole-dipole attractions between molecules in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to nitrogen,oxygen or fluorine.The hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge and is attracted to the electronegative atom in another molecule.Thus,the hydrogen bond acts as a bridge between two electronegative atoms in separate molecules

18
Q

Intermolecular Forces

A

Are the forces of attraction that exist between molecules.Van der Waals forces,dipole-dipole forces an hydrogen bonding are examples of intermolecular forces

19
Q

van der Waals forces

A

Are weak attractive forces between molecules resulting from the formation of temporary dipoles.They are the only forces of attraction between non-polar molecules

20
Q

Exception to the Octet Rule

A

Transition Metals (more or fewer than eight eletrons in their outermost energy level)

Elements Near Helium(tend to have two eletrns in the outer energy level)

21
Q

Hydroxide ion

A

OH-

22
Q

Nitrate ion

A

NO3-

23
Q

Hydrogencarbonate ion

A

HCO3-

24
Q

Permanganate ion

A

MnO4-

25
Q

Carbonate ion

A

CO3 2-

26
Q

Chromate ion

A

CrO4 2-

27
Q

Dichromate ion

A

Cr2O7 2-

28
Q

Sulfate ion

A

SO4 2-

29
Q

Sulfite ion

A

SO3 2-

30
Q

Thiosulfate

A

S203 2-

31
Q

Phosphate ion

A

PO4 3-

32
Q

Ammonium ion

A

NH4 +

33
Q

Charecteristic’s of Ionic Compounds

A
Contains a network of ions in the crystal
Usually hard and brittle
High melting and boiling points
Solid at room temp
Conducts electricity