Chapter 5:Chemical Bonding: Chemical Formulas(Definitions) Flashcards

1
Q

Define a compound (1)

A

-a substance that is made up of two or more different elements combined together chemically

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2
Q

Define the Octet Rule(2)

A
  • when bonding occurs,

- atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost energy level

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3
Q

Define ions(1)

A

-an ion is a charged atom or group of atoms

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4
Q

Define an ionic bond (2)

A
  • the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound
  • ionic bonds are always formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another
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5
Q

Define a transition metal(1)

A

-is a metal that forms at least one ion with a partially filled d sublevel

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6
Q

Define a molecule(2)

A
  • a group of atoms joined together

- it is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently

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7
Q

Define valency(2)

A
  • the number of atoms of hydrogen or any other monovalent element
  • with which each atom of the element combines
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8
Q

How is a sigma bond formed(1)

A
  • a sigma bond is formed by the head on overlap of two orbitals
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9
Q

how is a pi bond formed (1)

A

-a pi bond is formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals

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10
Q

Define electronegativity(3)

A
  • the relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has
  • for the shared pair of electrons
  • in a covalent bond
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11
Q

Define a polar covalent bond (3)

A
  • a bond in which there is unequal sharing of the pair(or pairs) of electrons
  • this causes one end of the bond to be slightly positive
  • and the other end slightly negative
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12
Q

What electronegativity difference indicates ionic bonding in a compound(1)

A

-an electronegativity difference greater than 1.7

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13
Q

What electronegativity difference indicates covalent bonding in a compound (1)

A

-an electronegativity difference less than or equal to 1.7

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14
Q

What electronegativity difference indicates that a covalent bond is polar covalent (2)

A
  • an electronegativity difference greater than 0.4

- and less than 1.7

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15
Q

What electronegativity difference indicates that a covalent bond is non polar

A

-an electronegativity difference that is less than or equal to 0.4

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16
Q

What does an electronegativity difference greater than 1.7 indicate (1)

A

-ionic bonding in a compound

17
Q

What does an electronegativity difference less than or equal to 1.7 indicate(1)

A

-covalent bonding in a compound

18
Q

What does an electronegativity difference greater than 0.4 and less than 1.7 indicate (1)

A

-polar covalent bonding

19
Q

What does an electronegativity difference less than or equal to 0.4 indicate

A

-non polar covalent bonding

20
Q

Define intramolecular bonding(3)

A
  • bonding that takes place within a molecule
  • it holds the atoms together
  • covalent bonding and polar covalent bonding are examples of intramolecular bonding
21
Q

Define Intermolecular forces(2)

A
  • forces of attraction that exist between molecules

- Van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding are examples of intramolecular bonding

22
Q

Define Van der Walls Forces(3)

A
  • weak attractive forces between molecules
  • resulting from the formation of temporary dipoles
  • they are the only forces of attraction between non-polar molecules
23
Q

Define Dipole-dipole forces(2)

A
  • forces of attraction

- between the negative pole of one polar molecule and the positive pole of another pole of another polar molecule

24
Q

Define hydrogen bonding(5)

A
  • a particular type of dipole-dipole attractions between molecules
  • in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine
  • the hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge
  • and is attracted to the electronegative atom in another molecule
  • thus, the hydrogen bond acts as a bridge between two electronegative atoms in separate molecules