Chapter 5:Chemical Bonding: Chemical Formulas(Definitions)

Question 1

Define a compound (1)

Answer 1

-a substance that is made up of two or more different elements combined together chemically

Question 2

Define the Octet Rule(2)

Answer 2

• when bonding occurs,

- atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost energy level

Question 3

Define ions(1)

Answer 3

-an ion is a charged atom or group of atoms

Question 4

Define an ionic bond (2)

Answer 4

• the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound
• ionic bonds are always formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 5

Define a transition metal(1)

Answer 5

-is a metal that forms at least one ion with a partially filled d sublevel

Question 6

Define a molecule(2)

Answer 6

• a group of atoms joined together

- it is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently

Question 7

Define valency(2)

Answer 7

• the number of atoms of hydrogen or any other monovalent element
• with which each atom of the element combines

Question 8

How is a sigma bond formed(1)

Answer 8

• a sigma bond is formed by the head on overlap of two orbitals

Question 9

how is a pi bond formed (1)

Answer 9

-a pi bond is formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals

Question 10

Define electronegativity(3)

Answer 10

• the relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has
• for the shared pair of electrons
• in a covalent bond

Question 11

Define a polar covalent bond (3)

Answer 11

• a bond in which there is unequal sharing of the pair(or pairs) of electrons
• this causes one end of the bond to be slightly positive
• and the other end slightly negative

Question 12

What electronegativity difference indicates ionic bonding in a compound(1)

Answer 12

-an electronegativity difference greater than 1.7

Question 13

What electronegativity difference indicates covalent bonding in a compound (1)

Answer 13

-an electronegativity difference less than or equal to 1.7

Question 14

What electronegativity difference indicates that a covalent bond is polar covalent (2)

Answer 14

• an electronegativity difference greater than 0.4

- and less than 1.7

Question 15

What electronegativity difference indicates that a covalent bond is non polar

Answer 15

-an electronegativity difference that is less than or equal to 0.4

Question 16

What does an electronegativity difference greater than 1.7 indicate (1)

Answer 16

-ionic bonding in a compound

Question 17

What does an electronegativity difference less than or equal to 1.7 indicate(1)

Answer 17

-covalent bonding in a compound

Question 18

What does an electronegativity difference greater than 0.4 and less than 1.7 indicate (1)

Answer 18

-polar covalent bonding

Question 19

What does an electronegativity difference less than or equal to 0.4 indicate

Answer 19

-non polar covalent bonding

Question 20

Define intramolecular bonding(3)

Answer 20

• bonding that takes place within a molecule
• it holds the atoms together
• covalent bonding and polar covalent bonding are examples of intramolecular bonding

Question 21

Define Intermolecular forces(2)

Answer 21

• forces of attraction that exist between molecules

- Van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding are examples of intramolecular bonding

Question 22

Define Van der Walls Forces(3)

Answer 22

• weak attractive forces between molecules
• resulting from the formation of temporary dipoles
• they are the only forces of attraction between non-polar molecules

Question 23

Define Dipole-dipole forces(2)

Answer 23

• forces of attraction

- between the negative pole of one polar molecule and the positive pole of another pole of another polar molecule

Question 24

Define hydrogen bonding(5)

Answer 24

• a particular type of dipole-dipole attractions between molecules
• in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine
• the hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge
• and is attracted to the electronegative atom in another molecule
• thus, the hydrogen bond acts as a bridge between two electronegative atoms in separate molecules