Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Leaving Cert Chemistry > Chapter 2: The Atom > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Atom Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the specific name for materials?

A

-matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is matter?

A

-the specific name for materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The idea that materials are made up of particles is often referred to as what?

A

-particulate nature of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is particulate nature of matter?

A

-the idea that materials are made up of particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the spreading of gases called?

A

-diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is diffusion?

A

-the spreading of gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When can diffusion in a liquid be seen?

2

A
  • if a large crystal of copper sulphate is placed at the bottom of a large graduated cylinder filled with water
  • after a few hours the blue colour will have spread throughout the water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who were the first to propose that matter was composed of small particles?

A

-Greek philosophers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Greek philosophers were the first to propose what?

A

-that matter was composed of small particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who was the most important of the Greek Philosophers who proposed matter was composed of small particles?

A

-Democritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who was Democritus?

A

-he was the most important of the Greek Philosophers who proposed matter was composed of small particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did the Greek philosophers believe?

A

-they believed that the tiny particles of which all matter was composed were so small that they could not be broken down into even smaller particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who believed that the tiny particles of which all matter was composed were so small that they could not be broken down into even smaller particles?

A

-Greek philosophers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the word atom come from?

A

-the Greek word atomos meaning invisible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What word comes from the Greek atomos?

A

-atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who wrote a book in which he put forward an Atomic Theory to explain the results of a number of experiments he had performed with gases?

A

-John Dalton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did John Dalton put forward in a book?

A

-an Atomic Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why did John Dalton put forward an Atomic Theory?

A

-to explain the results of a number of experiments he had performed with gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who was John Dalton?

A

-he was an English chemist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who was William Crookes?

A

-he was an English chemist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What experiment did William Crookes carry out?

A

-he carried out an experiment to investigate what happens when an electric current is passed through a glass tube containing air at low pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who carried out an experiment to investigate what happens when an electric current is passed through a glass tube containing air at low pressures?

A

-William Crookes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is contained in the glass tube during William Crookes’ experiment?

A

-air at low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What contains the air at low pressure during William Crookes’ experiment?

A

-a glass tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is passed through the glass tube containing air at low pressures during William Crookes’ experiment?

A

-electric current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the electric current passed through during William Crookes’ experiment?

A

-a glass tube containing air at low pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the type of glass tube commonly called in William Crookes’ experiment in cathode rays called?

A

-vacuum tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Who used a vacuum tube during their experiments?

A

-William Crookes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a vacuum tube?

A

-a type of glass tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What did Crookes find was coming from the metal plate inside the tube connected to the negative end of the power supply?

A

-radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where did Crookes find radiation was coming from during his experiment?

A

-the metal plate inside the tube connected to the negative end of the power supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was the metal plate inside the tube where Crookes found radiation was coming from connected to?

A

-the negative end of the power supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the negative end of the power supply connected to in Crookes experiment?

A

-the metal plate inside the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How did Crookes show the existence of radiation?

A

-by placing a Maltese cross inside the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What did Crookes prove the existence of by placing a Maltese cross inside the tube?

A

-radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What type of cross did Crookes place inside the vacuum tube?

A

-a Maltese cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where did Crookes place the Maltese cross during his experiment?

A

-inside the vacuum tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What did Crookes find happened after the Maltese cross was placed inside the vacuum tube of his experiment?

A

-he found that a shadow of the Maltese cross was formed at the other end of the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What shadow was formed at the other end of the vacuum tube of Crookes’ experiment?

A

-a shadow of the Maltese cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where was the shadow of the Maltese cross formed in Crookes’ experiment?

A

-at the other end of the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What name did Crookes use to describe the rays coming form the cathode?

A

-cathode rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What did Crookes call cathode rays?

A

-the rays coming from the cathode in his experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What happens when cathode rays strike the glass of a vacuum tube?

A

-they cause the glass to glow or fluoresce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the shadow of the Maltese caused by?

A

-it is caused when the cathode rays are stopped by the Maltese cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Why did Crookes carry out a second experiment?

A

-to investigate the properties of cathode rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What did Crookes investigate the properties of during his second experiment?

A

-the properties of cathode rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What did Crookes place on mounted rails, in front of the cathode during his second experiment?

A

-a light paddle wheel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Where did Crookes place the light paddle wheel during his second experiment?

A

-on mounted rails, in front of the cathode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What happened when the current was switched on during Crookes’ experiment?

A

-the paddle wheel rotated and travelled down the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

When did the paddle wheel rotate and travel down the tube during Crookes’ second experiment?

A

-when the current was switched on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What did Crookes observe happened to the vanes in his second experiment?

A

-they always turned away from the cathode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What always turned away from the cathode in Crookes’ experiment?

A

-the vanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What did Crookes’ conclude from the vanes always turning away from the cathode?

A

-he concluded that these vanes were being struck by particles coming from the cathode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What did the particles coming from the cathode strike in Crookes’ second experiment?

A

-the vanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What were the properties of cathode rays that Crookes was able to deduce from his two experiments?
(3)

A
  • cathode rays travel in straight lines
  • cathode rays cause glass to fluoresce when they strike it
  • cathode rays possess enough energy to move a paddle wheel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

In what way do cathode rays travel?

A

-in straight lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What rays travel in straight lines?

A

-cathode rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

How did Crookes deduce that cathode rays travel in straight lines?

A

-since the shadow of the Maltese cross was sharp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What do cathode rays cause glass to do?

A

-fluoresce when they strike it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

When does glass fluoresce?

A

-when cathode rays strike it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What do cathode rays possess enough energy to move?

A

-a paddle wheel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What rays possess enough energy to move a paddle wheel?

A

-cathode rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Where was J.J Thomson working?

A

-Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What famous English scientist worked at Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University?

A

-J.J Thomson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What did J.J Thomson devise an experiment to investigate?

A

-if the cathode rays discovered by Crookes consisted of charged particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Who devised an experiment to investigate if the cathode rays discovered by Crookes consisted of charged particles?

A

-J.J Thomson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

How did J.J Thomson obtain a narrow beam of cathode rays?

A

-by passing them through a small hole in the positive electrode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Why did J.J Thomson pass the cathode rays through a small hole in the positive electrode in his experiment?

A

-to obtain a narrow beam of cathode rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What did J.J Thomson pass through a small hole in the positive electrode?

A

-a narrow beam of cathode rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What did J.J Thomson put a hole in during his experiment?

A

-the positive electrode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What did J.J Thomson do to the positive electrode in his experiment?

A

-he put a small hole in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What does the narrow beam of cathode rays pass between in J.J Thompsons’ experiment?

A

-two parallel metal plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What is passed between two parallel metal plates in J.J Thompson?

A

-the narrow beam of cathode rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Where are the two parallel metal plates located in J.J Thompsons’ experiment?

A

-half way along the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What was located half way along the tube in J.J Thompsons’ experiment?

A

-the two parallel metal plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What happened to the narrow beam of cathode rays after it passed through the two parallel metal plates in J.J Thompsons’ experiment?

A

-they then struck a fluorescent screen at the far end of the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What was located at the far end of the tube in J.J Thompsons’ experiment?

A

-a fluorescent screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Where was the fluorescent screen located in J.J Thompsons’ experiment?

A

-at the far end of the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What struck a fluorescent screen at the far end of the tube in J.J Thompsons’ experiment?

A

-a narrow beam of cathode rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What happened to the fluorescent screen when it was struck by the narrow beam of electrons in J.J Thompsons experiment?

A

-it glowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

What did J.J Thompson found happened if there was no charge on the parallel plates during his experiment?

A

-the beam of cathode rays passed straight down the tube and struck the fluorescent screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

When did the cathode rays pass straight down the tube and strike the fluorescent screen in J.J Thompsons’ experiment?

A

-when there was no charge on the parallel plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What happens when a positive charge was put on the top plate in J.J Thompsons’ experiment?

A

-the spot where the fluorescent screen was struck moved upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

When did the spot where the fluorescent screen was struck move upwards in J.J Thompsons’ experiment?

A

-when a positive charge was put on the top plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

What did Thomson conclude when the cathode rays were attracted up towards the positive plate in his experiment?

A

-that they consisted of negatively charged particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Why did J.J Thompson conclude that the cathode rays consisted of negatively charged particles?

A

-as they were attracted up towards the positive plate and unlike charges always attract each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

What is the name given to negatively charged particles?

A

-electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

What are electrons?

A

-the name given to negatively charged particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Who is recognised as the person who discovered the electron?

A

-J.J Thompson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

What is J.J Thompson recognised for discovering?

A

-the electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

In J.J Thompsons’ second experiment where did he place the large electromagnet?

A

-outside the glass tube

92
Q

What was placed outside the glass tube in J.J Thompsons’ second experiment?

A

-a large electromagnet

93
Q

What did J.J Thompson do to the magnetic field in his second experiment?

A

-he adjusted the strength of it

94
Q

What did J.J Thompson adjust the strength of in his second experiment?

A

-the magnetic field

95
Q

What did J.J Thompson find happened to the electrons in his second experiment?

A

-he found they were deflected by the magnetic field

96
Q

What was deflected by the magnetic field in J.J Thompsons’ second experiment?

A

-electrons

97
Q

What was J.J Thompson able to do to the electrons using the magnetic field in his second experiment?

A

-he was able to bring the beam of electrons back down to its original position

98
Q

From the results of his second experiment what was J.J Thompson able to calculate?

A

-the ratio of the charge of the electron to its mass

99
Q

How did J.J Thompson calculate the ratio of the charge of the electron to its mass?

A

-from the results of his second experiment

100
Q

What was J.J Thompson not able to calculate from his second experiment?

A

-he was not able to measure separately either the quantity of negative charge on the electron or the mass of the electron

101
Q

Who was able to measure the ratio of the charge of the electron to its mass?

A

-J.J Thompson

102
Q

Who set up an experiment to determine the size of the charge on the electron?

A

-Robert Millikan

103
Q

What did Robert Millikan determine?

A

-the size of the charge on the electron

104
Q

Who was Robert Millikan?

A

-an American physicist

105
Q

In Robert Millikan’s experiment what was sprayed between two charged metal plates?

A

-tiny droplets of oil

106
Q

In Robert Millikan’s experiment where were the tiny droplets of oil sprayed?

A

-between two charged metal plates

107
Q

What did Millikan use to ionise the air between the plates?

A

-x rays

108
Q

What did Millikan use x-rays for in his experiment?

A

-to ionise the air between the plates

109
Q

What happens to the molecules in the air when they are ionised in Millikan’s experiment?

A

-they lose electrons and forms ions

110
Q

What did the oil droplets pick up as they fell through the air in Robert Millikan’s experiment?

A

-electrons which came from the molecules in the air when they were ionised

111
Q

What picked up the electrons which were lost by the molecules in the air when they were ionised during Millikan’s experiment?

A

-oil droplets

112
Q

What happened to the oil droplets after they picked up the electrons which were lost by the molecules in the air when they were ionised during Millikan’s experiment?

A

-they became negatively charged

113
Q

Why did the oil droplets become negatively charged in Millikan’s experiment?

A

-they had picked up electrons

114
Q

What did Millikan do to observe the oil droplet when he placed a positive charge on the top plate during his experiment?

A

-he used a microscope to focus on a particular oil droplet as it fell through the air

115
Q

What did Millikan observed through a microscope focus on an oil droplet falling through the air when a positive charge was placed on the top plate during his experiment?

A

-the negatively charged oil droplet was attracted up towards the positive plate

116
Q

What did Millikan adjust the charge of during his experiment?

A

-the positive charge of the top plate

117
Q

Until what occurred did Millikan adjust the positive charge on the top plate during his experiment?

A

-until the oil droplet was stationary

118
Q

From various measurements that Millikan took what was he able to calculate?

A

-the size of the charge on the electron

119
Q

How was Millikan able to calculate the size of the charge on the electron?

A

-from various measurements

120
Q

Who was able to calculate the size of the charge on an electron?

A

-Robert Millikan

121
Q

What did Millikan calculate the mass of?

A

-the electron

122
Q

What did Millikan calculate of an electron?

A

-its mass

123
Q

What did J.J Thompson propose in 1898?

A

-a very simple model of the structure of an atom

124
Q

Who proposed a very simple model of the structure of an atom in 1898?

A

-J.J Thompson

125
Q

Summarise J.J Thompson’s model of the structure of an atom?

2

A
  • an atom is like a sphere of positive charge

- electrons are embedded in the sphere at random

126
Q

In J.J Thompson’s model of the structure of an atom what did he say an atom was like?

A

-a sphere of positive charge

127
Q

In J.J Thompson’s model of the structure of an atom what did he saw was like a sphere of positive charge?

A

-an atom

128
Q

In J.J Thompson’s model of the structure of an atom what type of charge did he say an atom was like a sphere of?

A

-positive charge

129
Q

In J.J Thompson’s model of the structure of an atom what did he say was embedded in the atom at random?

A

-electrons

130
Q

In J.J Thompson’s model of the structure of an atom where did he say electrons were embedded?

A

-in the atom at random

131
Q

What did J.J Thompson’s model of the structure of an atom become known as?

A

-the ‘Plum Pudding’ model

132
Q

Why did J.J Thompson’s model of the structure of an atom become known as the ‘Plum Pudding’ model?

A

-it was something like a pudding with raisins in it

133
Q

What did J.J Thompson’s model explain?

A

-why atoms were neutral

134
Q

Who was Ernest Rutherford?

A

-a scientist from New Zealand

135
Q

Who was a scientist from New Zealand who studied the scattering of particles called alpha particles?

A

-Ernest Rutherford

136
Q

Who studied the scattering of alpha particles by a very thin sheet of gold foil?

A

-Ernest Rutherford

137
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford study?

A

-the scattering of alpha particles by a very thin sheet of gold foil

138
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford use to scatter aloha particles?

A

-a very thin sheet of gold foil

139
Q

What did Rutherford use a very thin sheet of gold foil to do?

A

-scatter alpha particles

140
Q

What are alpha particles?

A

-positively charged particles produced by certain radioactive substances

141
Q

What are positively charged particles produced by certain radioactive substances?

A

-alpha particles

142
Q

What are alpha particles produced by?

A

-certain radioactive substances

143
Q

What are produced by certain radioactive substances?

A

-alpha particles

144
Q

What did Rutherford bombard with alpha particles in his experiment?

A

-a thin piece of gold foil

145
Q

What did Rutherford do to the thin piece of gold foil in his experiment?

A

-bombard it with alpha particles

146
Q

What do alpha particles consist of?

A

-groups of two neutrons and two protons stuck together

147
Q

What consist of groups of two neutrons and two protons stuck together?

A

-alpha particles

148
Q

What did Rutherford use to detect the alpha particles in his experiment?

A

-a phosphorescent screen made of zinc sulphide to detect alpha particles

149
Q

What did Rutherford use a phosphorescent screen made of zinc sulphide for in his experiment?

A

-to detect alpha particles

150
Q

What was the phosphorescent screen that Rutherford used to detect alpha particles made of?

A

-zinc sulphide

151
Q

What was made of zinc sulphide and used to detect alpha particles in Rutherford’s experiment?

A

-a phosphorescent screen

152
Q

What happens when an alpha particle strikes a phosphorescent screen?

A

-a little flash of light appears on the screen

153
Q

What did Rutherford use to observe the flashes of light which appeared on the phosphorescent screen during his experiment?

A

-a microscope

154
Q

What did Rutherford use a microscope to observe during his experiment?

A

-the flashes of light which appeared on the screen when struck by alpha particles

155
Q

What did Rutherford find happened to some alpha particles during his experiment?
(2)

A
  • they were deflected at large angles as they passed through the gold foil
  • some were deflected back along their own path
156
Q

What did Rutherford conclude from his experiment?

A

-that the positive charge and the mass of the atoms of the metal foil were concentrated in a small dense core called the nucleus of the atom

157
Q

Where did Rutherford say the positive charge and the mass of the atoms of the metal foil were concentrated in?

A

-a small dense core called the nucleus of the atom

158
Q

What did Rutherford say was concentrated in a small dense core called the nucleus of the atom?

A

-the positive charge and the mass of the atoms of the metal foil

159
Q

Who is responsible for the discovery of the nucleus?

A

-Ernest Rutherford

160
Q

What is Ernest Rutherford responsible for the discovery of?

A

-the nucleus

161
Q

What does the positively charged alpha particles repel in Rutherford’s experiment?

A

-the positively charged nucleus

162
Q

What does the positively charged nucleus repel in Rutherford’s experiment?

A

-the positively charged alpha particles

163
Q

When were the alpha particles deflected along their original paths during Rutherford’s experiment?

A

-when they collided head on with the nucleus

164
Q

What happened when the alpha particles collided head on with the nucleus during Rutherford’s experiment?

A

-they were deflected along their original paths

165
Q

What caused the alpha particles to be deflected at large angles during Rutherford’s experiment?

A

-it was caused by the alpha particles coming very close to the high concentration of positive charge in the nucleus and being repelled by this high concentration of positive charge

166
Q

What happens when alpha particles come close to the high concentration of positive charge in the nucleus of gold atoms in Rutherford’s experiment?

A

-they are repelled by this high concentration of positive charge causing them to be deflected at large angles

167
Q

Why were only a small number of alpha particles reflected back along their original paths during Rutherford’s experiment?

A

-because the positive charge and the mass of the atoms of the metal foil were concentrated in such a small dense core (nucleus)

168
Q

What three observations did Rutherford make from his experiment?
(3)

A
  • most alpha particles pass straight through the gold foil
  • some alpha particles are deflected at large angles
  • a small number of alpha particles are reflected back along their own paths
169
Q

What three conclusions did Rutherford make from his experiment?
(3)

A
  • most of the atom is empty space
  • the alpha particles are repelled when they pass near the small positive nucleus
  • a small number of alpha particles collide head on with the nucleus
170
Q

What did Rutherford conclude from his observation that most alpha particles pass straight through the gold foil?

A

-most of the atom is empty space

171
Q

What did Rutherford observe to conclude that most of the atom is empty space?

A

-most alpha particles pass straight through the gold foil

172
Q

What did Rutherford conclude from his observation that some alpha particles are deflected at large angles?

A

-the alpha particles are repelled when they pass near the small positive nucleus

173
Q

What did Rutherford observe to conclude that the alpha particles are repelled when they pass near the small positive nucleus?

A

-some alpha particles are deflected at large angles

174
Q

What did Rutherford conclude from his observation that a small number of alpha particles are reflected back along their own paths?

A

-a small number of alpha particles collide head on with the nucleus

175
Q

What did Rutherford observe to conclude that a small number of alpha particles collide head on with the nucleus?

A

-a small number of alpha particles are reflected back along their own paths

176
Q

What did Rutherford find when he bombarded light atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen with alpha particles?

A

-small positively charged particles were given off

177
Q

What were small positively charged particles given off in Rutherford’s experiments?

A

-light atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen that had been bombarded with alpha particles

178
Q

With what elements were positively charged particles not given off when bombarded with alpha particles during Rutherford’s experiments?

A

-heavier metals such as gold

179
Q

How did Rutherford explain why positively charged particles were given off of light atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen when bombarded with alpha particles?

A

-the alpha particles were breaking up the nuclei of the lighter atoms to release positively charged particles

180
Q

Why were positively charged particles not given off of heavier atoms when bombarded with alpha particles?

A

-the large positive nuclear charge repelled the alpha particles before they had a chance to break up the nucleus

181
Q

What did Rutherford call the positively charged particles which were given of by light atoms when bombarded by alpha particles?

A

-protons

182
Q

Summarise Rutherford’s work

3

A
  • he discovered that the atom consists of a small dense positive core called the nucleus
  • he discovered that positive particles called protons were located in the nucleus
  • the new structure of the atom proposed by Rutherford was that it consisted of a nucleus and that the electrons were in some sort of ‘electron cloud’ surrounding the nucleus
183
Q

What did Rutherford propose the structure of an atom was?

A

-it consisted of a nucleus and that the electrons were in some sort of ‘electron cloud’ surrounding the nucleus

184
Q

Who is responsible for the discovery of the neutron?

A

-James Chadwick

185
Q

What is James Chadwick responsible for the discovery of?

A

-the neutron

186
Q

What did James Chadwick bombard a sample of with alpha particles during his experiment?

A

-a sample of beryllium

187
Q

What did James Chadwick bombard a sample of beryllium with during his experiment?

A

-alpha particles

188
Q

What did Chadwick discover came from the beryllium during his experiment?

A

-some type of radiation consisting of particles with no charge

189
Q

What did Chadwick discover some type of radiation consisting of particles with no charge was coming from during his experiment?

A

-the sample of beryllium bombarded with alpha particles

190
Q

Why were these particles coming from the beryllium in Chadwick’s experiment difficult to detect?

A

-they were neutral

191
Q

What did Chadwick discover about the neutral particles radiating from the beryllium sample during his experiment?

A

-they were penetrating enough to knock protons out of paraffin was

192
Q

What did Chadwick discover the neutral particles radiating from the beryllium sample were penetrating enough to do during his experiment?

A

-knock protons out of paraffin wax

193
Q

What did Chadwick discover the neutral particles radiating from the beryllium sample were penetrating enough to knock protons from during his experiment?

A

-paraffin wax

194
Q

What did Chadwick discover the neutral particles radiating from the beryllium sample were penetrating enough to knock what from paraffin wax during his experiment?

A

-protons

195
Q

What did Chadwick conclude the alpha particles were knocking out of the nucleus of the beryllium atom during his experiment?

A

-neutral particles

196
Q

What did Chadwick conclude were knocking neutral particles out of the nucleus of the beryllium atom during his experiment?

A

-alpha particles

197
Q

What did Chadwick conclude the alpha particles were knocking neutral particles out of the what of the beryllium atom during his experiment?

A

-the nucleus

198
Q

What did Chadwick conclude the alpha particles were knocking neutral particles out of the nucleus of during his experiment?

A

-beryllium atoms

199
Q

What did Chadwick find the neutral particles discovered in his experiments had about the same mass?

A

-the proton

200
Q

What did Chadwick discover had about the same mass as a proton?

A

-the neutral particles discovered in his experiments

201
Q

What were neutrons subsequently used to bring about?

A

-the splitting of atoms of uranium to release nuclear energy in the atomic bomb and in nuclear reactors

202
Q

What were subsequently used to bring about the splitting of atoms of uranium to release nuclear energy in the atomic bomb and in nuclear reactors?

A

-neutrons

203
Q

What would happen if only protons existed in the nucleus?

A

-it would fall apart

204
Q

Why would the nucleus of an atom fall apart if it only consisted of protons?

A

-because of the repulsive forces of the protons for each other

205
Q

What do neutrons help to do to protons in the nucleus?

A

-‘cement’ the positively charged protons together

206
Q

What are the three sub-atomic particles?

3

A
  • protons
  • neutrons
  • electrons
207
Q

What does sub-atomic mean?

A

-inside the atom

208
Q

What word means ‘inside the atom’?

A

-sub-atomic

209
Q

What two particles are found inside the nucleus?

2

A
  • protons

- neutrons

210
Q

What particles are located somewhere in the space outside the nucleus?

A

-electrons

211
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A
  • +1
212
Q

What sub-atomic particle has a relative charge of +1?

A

-proton

213
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A
  • 0
214
Q

What sub-atomic particle has a relative charge of 0?

A

-neutron

215
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A
  • -1
216
Q

What subatomic particle has a relative charge of -1?

A

-electron

217
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A
  • 1
218
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A
  • 1
219
Q

What sub-atomic particles have a relative mass of 1?

2

A
  • proton

- neutron

220
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A
  • 1 divided by 1838
221
Q

What has a relative mass of 1 divided by 1838?

A

-electron

222
Q

Where in an atom is a proton located?

A

-nucleus

223
Q

Where in an atom is a neutron located?

A

-nucleus

224
Q

What two sub-atomic particles are located in the nucleus?

2

A
  • proton

- nucleus

225
Q

Where in an atom is an electron located?

A

-outside the nucleus

226
Q

What sub-atomic particle is located outside the nucleus?

A

-electron

Leaving Cert Chemistry (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions