Chapter 5 Central Nervous System

Question 1

What are the accessory Cells in the CNS called?

Answer 1

Glial Cells

Question 2

What are the 4 types of Glial Cells?

Answer 2

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Microglia

Question 3

What are Astrocytes?

Answer 3

1. structural support
2. metabolic support-nutrients from capillary bed to neurons
3. Stella (star structure)

Question 4

What are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 4

myelinate neurons in CNS

Question 5

What are Ependymal Cells?

Answer 5

Line the internal, fluid filled cavities of the CNS

-Form membrane sheath, that keeps CSF in right place

Question 6

Microglia?

Answer 6

Immune functioning cells in CNS (monocytes that migrate to tissues and become tissue macrophages.
**CNS TISSUE MACROPHAGE

Question 7

What are the Brain Protection Layers?

Answer 7

1. Bone
2. Meninges
3. Cerebrospinal fluid
4. Blood-Brain Barrier

Question 8

1. Bone

Answer 8

Brain is enclosed in the cranium (skull), while the spinal cord is surrounded by the vertebral column

Question 9

2. Meninges

Answer 9

Dura (Tough outer layer)
Arachnoid Mater (Spider web-like layer)
Pia Mater (Adheres to the brain)
-Protective, nourishing membranes

Question 10

3. Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 10

-Special cushioning fluid
also found in the ventricles of the brain
Produced in choroid plexus

Question 11

4. Blood-brain barrier

Answer 11

Selectively permeable layer around the CNS that is created by specialized astrocytes.
-Physiological layer that regulates exchanges b/w the blood and the brain

Question 12

What are the 2 brain requirements?

Answer 12

1. oxygen

2. glucose

Question 13

Oxygen

Answer 13

muscle can function without oxygen

brain can only function w/o oxygen for 3-4 minutes.

Question 14

CVA?

Answer 14

Cerebral Vascular Accident aka Stroke

Question 15

What is a CVA/STROKE

Answer 15

when brain does not get enough oxygen

Question 16

TIA?

Answer 16

Transcient Ischemic Attack

brain termporarily does not get enough oxygen.

Question 17

Glucose

Answer 17

Energy source-tissue damage after lack of glucose for 10-15 minutes.

• CNS uses as fuel
• CVA/TIA can occur after 30 minutes without glucose

Question 18

What is Plasticity?

Answer 18

ability of the brain to adapt and take on other functions

Question 19

What type of tissue is plastic?

Answer 19

muscle tissue is plastic, CNS not plastic

Question 20

Encephalon

Answer 20

brain

Question 21

mesencephalon

Answer 21

midbrain

Question 22

Brain Stem

Answer 22

Medulla
Pons
Midbrain

Question 23

Forebrain

Answer 23

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

Question 24

Hindbrain

Answer 24

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

Question 25

Cerebrum

Answer 25

2 hemispheres separated by longitudinal fissure

-conected by corpus callosum

Question 26

Corpus Callosum

Answer 26

neural connections that allow communication b/w the 2 hemisphere

Question 27

Cerebral cortex

Answer 27

gray matter-basal ganglia composed of gray matter

Question 28

Medulla

Answer 28

white matter

Question 29

Why is there a difference in color?

Answer 29

due to nerve cell bodies (gray ) being located on outside and axons centrally w/ myelin (white)

Question 30

Cerebral Cortex lobes

Answer 30

1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal Lobe
4. Occipital Lobe

Question 31

Frontal Lobe

Answer 31

Motor control region
Higher though processes
Create thoughts

Question 32

Parietal Lobe

Answer 32

Somato sensory Input

located superior laterally behind frontal lobe components

Question 33

Temporal Lobe

Answer 33

Auditory processing info rom inner ear

Question 34

Occipital Lobe

Answer 34

Visual Processing-from rods & cones of retina-travel back to this area to be processed

Question 35

Frontal Lobe regions

Answer 35

1. primary motor cortex
2. Pre and supplemental motor cortex
3. Pre Frontal association cortex
4. Broca’s Region

Question 36

Primary motor cortex function

Answer 36

voluntary conscious motor activity

Question 37

Pre and Supplemental Motor Cortex

Answer 37

Responsible