Chapter 5 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Agglutination
clumping of RBC’s that occurs from the binding of antibodies & antigens
Antecubital fossa
area in the middle of the arm, in front of the elbow, that houses the veins most commonly used for venipuncture
antibody
complex protein substance produced in the presence of foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, lipids, or carbs, in order to protect the body
Anticoagulant
agent that prevents blood from clotting
antigen
substance that causes the formation of an antibody when introduced into blood or tissue
aorta
largest artery in the body
arteriole
smaller branch of an artery; a mini artery
artery
blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues
atrium (atria)
one of two top chambers of the heart, known as the holding chambers
basilic vein
vein, used for venipuncture, that is not well anchored & tends to roll
basophil
least numerous type of leukocytes; the granules are large & stain dark blue from basic dyes & often obscure the nucleus
b-cell lymphocyte
type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies upon stimulation
blood type
description, based on the ABO classification system, of the presence of specific antigens on the surface of RBC’s
capillary
smallest of all blood vessels, which allow the exchange of micronutrients & oxygen between the cells & the blood; capillaries connect arteries to veins
centrifugation
process of separating components of a specimen using a centrifuge
cephalic vein
vein, used for venipuncture, that may be difficult to palpate
coagulation
cessation of bleeding; clot formation
cytoplasm
area of the cell outside of the nucleus
deoxygenated
presence of a larger quantity of carbon dioxide than oxygen
diapedesis
process by which certain WBC’s can exit the capillaries & enter the tissues in response to pathogens
eosinophil
leukocyte whose granules stain bright orange-red from eosin; aids the body in fighting parasites & numbers increase in allergies
erythrocyte
red blood cell; an anuclear, biconcave disk-shaped blood cell that is responsible for transporting oxygen
fibrin
filamentous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen
fibrinogen
protein found in plasma; essential for clotting
granulocyte
white blood cells containing granules of various colors & chemical makeup; basophils, eosinophils, & neutrophils
hematoma
collection of blood under the skin due to leakage of blood from a punctured vein or artery
hematopoietic
blood-forming tissues
hemoglobin
iron-rich protein molecules found in RBC’s; transports oxygen & carbon dioxide
hemolysis
destruction of RBC’s that allows hemoglobin to be released from the RBC’s
hemostasis
coagulation, or clot formation, that repairs vessel damage & stops blood loss
jaundice
yellow coloration to skin, eyes & mucous membranes
leukocyte
WBC; round cell with a nucleus whose main function is to combat infection & remove disintegrating tissues
lymphocyte
leukocyte produced in the lymphoid tissue; a nongranular leukocyte that has a role in the body’s immune system
lymphoid
pertaining to the lymphatic system or resembling lymphocytes
median cubital vein
most commonly used vein for venipuncture; located in the middle of the forearm
monocyte
large leukocyte formed in bone marrow, with abundant cytoplasm & a kidney-shaped nucleus; ingests bacteria, dying cells, & debris in tissues
myeloid
developed from bone marrow
Natural Killer cells
type of lymphocytes that can attack & destroy tumor cells or cells that have been infected by viruses
neutrophil
leukocyte that engulfs & digests pathogens found in tissues; its granules stain lavendar
oxygenated
containing a higher concentration of oxygen that carbon dioxide
phagocytosis
process by which bacteria & antigens are surrounded & engulfed by leukocytes
plasma
clear, pale yellow fluid component of blood that contain fibrinogen; obtained from a tube that has an anticoagulant & has been centrifuged
polymorphonuclear
having multiple-lobed nuclei
pulmonary artery
arteries that transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs
pus
substance containing old leukocytes, pathogens, & other debris; created at the site of infection once the WBC’s undergo phagocytosis
Rh antigen
protein originally found on the RBC’s of rhesus monkeys
septum
muscular wall between the left & right sides of the heart
serum
clear, pale yellow fluid that remains after blood clots & is separated; doesn’t contain fibrinogen; plasma minus the clotting factors
t-cell lymphocyte
a type of lymphocyte that originates from the lymphoid tissue and assists the immune system through interactions with other leukocytes
thrombin
enzyme formed in response to an injury that converts fibrinogen to a fibrin clot
thrombocyte
smallest of the formed elements in the bloodstream; a platelet
tunica adventitia
outermost covering of arteries & veins
tunica intima
innermost layer of arteries & veins
tunica media
middle layer of arteries & veins
valves
flaps of tissue that open in one direction to let blood pass through
vein
blood vessel that transports blood from body tissues back to the heart
venae cava
largest vein in the body
ventricles
one of the two bottom chambers of the heart, known as the pumping chambers
venule
minute vein
