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Phlebotomy > Chapter 5 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Agglutination

A

clumping of RBC’s that occurs from the binding of antibodies & antigens

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2
Q

Antecubital fossa

A

area in the middle of the arm, in front of the elbow, that houses the veins most commonly used for venipuncture

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3
Q

antibody

A

complex protein substance produced in the presence of foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, lipids, or carbs, in order to protect the body

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4
Q

Anticoagulant

A

agent that prevents blood from clotting

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5
Q

antigen

A

substance that causes the formation of an antibody when introduced into blood or tissue

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6
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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7
Q

arteriole

A

smaller branch of an artery; a mini artery

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8
Q

artery

A

blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues

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9
Q

atrium (atria)

A

one of two top chambers of the heart, known as the holding chambers

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10
Q

basilic vein

A

vein, used for venipuncture, that is not well anchored & tends to roll

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11
Q

basophil

A

least numerous type of leukocytes; the granules are large & stain dark blue from basic dyes & often obscure the nucleus

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12
Q

b-cell lymphocyte

A

type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies upon stimulation

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13
Q

blood type

A

description, based on the ABO classification system, of the presence of specific antigens on the surface of RBC’s

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14
Q

capillary

A

smallest of all blood vessels, which allow the exchange of micronutrients & oxygen between the cells & the blood; capillaries connect arteries to veins

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15
Q

centrifugation

A

process of separating components of a specimen using a centrifuge

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16
Q

cephalic vein

A

vein, used for venipuncture, that may be difficult to palpate

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17
Q

coagulation

A

cessation of bleeding; clot formation

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18
Q

cytoplasm

A

area of the cell outside of the nucleus

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19
Q

deoxygenated

A

presence of a larger quantity of carbon dioxide than oxygen

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20
Q

diapedesis

A

process by which certain WBC’s can exit the capillaries & enter the tissues in response to pathogens

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21
Q

eosinophil

A

leukocyte whose granules stain bright orange-red from eosin; aids the body in fighting parasites & numbers increase in allergies

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22
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell; an anuclear, biconcave disk-shaped blood cell that is responsible for transporting oxygen

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23
Q

fibrin

A

filamentous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen

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24
Q

fibrinogen

A

protein found in plasma; essential for clotting

25
Q

granulocyte

A

white blood cells containing granules of various colors & chemical makeup; basophils, eosinophils, & neutrophils

26
Q

hematoma

A

collection of blood under the skin due to leakage of blood from a punctured vein or artery

27
Q

hematopoietic

A

blood-forming tissues

28
Q

hemoglobin

A

iron-rich protein molecules found in RBC’s; transports oxygen & carbon dioxide

29
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of RBC’s that allows hemoglobin to be released from the RBC’s

30
Q

hemostasis

A

coagulation, or clot formation, that repairs vessel damage & stops blood loss

31
Q

jaundice

A

yellow coloration to skin, eyes & mucous membranes

32
Q

leukocyte

A

WBC; round cell with a nucleus whose main function is to combat infection & remove disintegrating tissues

33
Q

lymphocyte

A

leukocyte produced in the lymphoid tissue; a nongranular leukocyte that has a role in the body’s immune system

34
Q

lymphoid

A

pertaining to the lymphatic system or resembling lymphocytes

35
Q

median cubital vein

A

most commonly used vein for venipuncture; located in the middle of the forearm

36
Q

monocyte

A

large leukocyte formed in bone marrow, with abundant cytoplasm & a kidney-shaped nucleus; ingests bacteria, dying cells, & debris in tissues

37
Q

myeloid

A

developed from bone marrow

38
Q

Natural Killer cells

A

type of lymphocytes that can attack & destroy tumor cells or cells that have been infected by viruses

39
Q

neutrophil

A

leukocyte that engulfs & digests pathogens found in tissues; its granules stain lavendar

40
Q

oxygenated

A

containing a higher concentration of oxygen that carbon dioxide

41
Q

phagocytosis

A

process by which bacteria & antigens are surrounded & engulfed by leukocytes

42
Q

plasma

A

clear, pale yellow fluid component of blood that contain fibrinogen; obtained from a tube that has an anticoagulant & has been centrifuged

43
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

having multiple-lobed nuclei

44
Q

pulmonary artery

A

arteries that transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs

45
Q

pus

A

substance containing old leukocytes, pathogens, & other debris; created at the site of infection once the WBC’s undergo phagocytosis

46
Q

Rh antigen

A

protein originally found on the RBC’s of rhesus monkeys

47
Q

septum

A

muscular wall between the left & right sides of the heart

48
Q

serum

A

clear, pale yellow fluid that remains after blood clots & is separated; doesn’t contain fibrinogen; plasma minus the clotting factors

49
Q

t-cell lymphocyte

A

a type of lymphocyte that originates from the lymphoid tissue and assists the immune system through interactions with other leukocytes

50
Q

thrombin

A

enzyme formed in response to an injury that converts fibrinogen to a fibrin clot

51
Q

thrombocyte

A

smallest of the formed elements in the bloodstream; a platelet

52
Q

tunica adventitia

A

outermost covering of arteries & veins

53
Q

tunica intima

A

innermost layer of arteries & veins

54
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer of arteries & veins

55
Q

valves

A

flaps of tissue that open in one direction to let blood pass through

56
Q

vein

A

blood vessel that transports blood from body tissues back to the heart

57
Q

venae cava

A

largest vein in the body

58
Q

ventricles

A

one of the two bottom chambers of the heart, known as the pumping chambers

59
Q

venule

A

minute vein

Phlebotomy (6 decks)

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