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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Middle and thickest of the three layers of the heart

A

Myocardium

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2
Q

Valve of heart located between LF atrium and LT ventricle

A

Mitral valve

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3
Q

Oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs into LF atrium by the

A

Pulmonary veins

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4
Q

Name for a group of fibers located within the interventricular septum that carry an electircal impulse to ensure the sequence of heart contractions is the

A

Bundle of His

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5
Q

Structures form low-pressure collecting system to return poor-ocygen blood to the heart known as

A

veins

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6
Q

Pressure occurs when ventricles are relaxed and is the lowest pressure against artery walls is called

A

Diastolic pressure

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7
Q

Straw-colored fluid contains nutrients, clotting proteins, hormones, and waste products is called

A

Plasma

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8
Q

Most common type of white blood cells are

A

Neutrophils

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9
Q

Heart valve controls opening between RT atrium and RT ventircle

A

Triscupid valve

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10
Q

Component of heart consists of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that constantly contracts and relaxes

A

Myocardium

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11
Q

Action of which structure within the walls of the ventricles causes the heart’s ventricles to contract

A

Purkinje fibers

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12
Q

Best describes diastolic pressure

A

Occurs as the ventricles of heart to relax

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13
Q

Smallest blood vessels in body

A

Capillaries

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14
Q

Best describes pulmonary circulation?

A

Blood flow between the heart and lungs

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15
Q

Which structure is the sac that contains the heart

A

Pericardium

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16
Q

Medical condition whcih there is insufficient supply of oxygen in tissue due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body

A

Ischemia

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17
Q

Medical term for heart attack

A

Myocardial Infarction

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18
Q

Condition in which there is stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of heart

A

Valvular stenosis

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19
Q

Benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels is known as

A

Hemangioma

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20
Q

Most common type of tachycardia is

A

Atrial fibrillation

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21
Q

Substance carries unneeded cholesterol back to liver for processing is AKA good cholesteol is called

A

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

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22
Q

A thrombus is

A

A blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

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23
Q

Severe episodes of chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium is

A

Angina

24
Q

Chronic condition which the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood that it recieves is called

A

Heart failure

25
Q

Large vessels carry blood away from heart to all regions of the body are known as

A

Arteries

26
Q

Only place in the body where veins carry oxygenated blood is

A

Into the left atrium

27
Q

Medication reduces workload of heart by slowing rate of heartbeat is

A

beta-blocker

28
Q

Natural pacemaker of a heart is called the

A

Sinoatrial node

29
Q

Coumadin, brand name for warfarin, is a type of

A

Anticoagulant

30
Q

Phase of cardiac cycle where ventricles contract while pumping blood into aorta and pulmonary artery is known as

A

Systole

31
Q

Cardiac arrhythmia where the heart muscles quivers ineffectively and is the cause of many sudden cardiac deaths is called

A

Ventricular fibrillation

32
Q

Specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of ventricles

A

Purkinje Fibers

33
Q

Congenital or acquired arrhythmia caused by the electrical signal moving theough the heart being partially or completely blocked from reaching ventricles is described as

A

Heartbblock

34
Q

Episode of very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate at or above the AV node

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

35
Q

Highest pressure against artery walls occur when ventricles contract

A

Systolic

36
Q

Diagnostic procedure produces images of structures of blood vessels and blood flow theough these vessels

A

Duplex ultrasound

37
Q

Tomi is taking calcium-channel blocker to treat his hypertension. What does this medication do?

A

Relaxes his heart and blood vessels

38
Q

Drug lowers high blood pressure

A

Antihypertensive

39
Q

Use of low voltage electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm in a non-emergency situation is known as

A

Synchronized cardioversion

40
Q

Abnormal protrusion of heart valve results inability of valve to close completely

A

Mitral valve prolapse

41
Q

Medication prescribed to prevent or relieve pain of angina by dilating blood vessels to the heart is

A

Nitroglycerin

42
Q

Damage to heart musclebfrom blood clot in coronary artery

A

Coronary thrombosis

43
Q

How does a vasoconstrictor work

A

Causes blood vessels to narrow

44
Q

Abnormal blowing or clicking sound in heart

A

Heart murmur

45
Q

Medication blocks action of enzyme that causes blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension

A

ACE inhibitor

46
Q

Intermittent episodes of skin in the affected areas turning white or blue associated with numbness

A

Raynaud’s disease

47
Q

Role of capillaries

A

Deliver oxygen to cells and tissues

48
Q

Consists epithelial tissue and is the inner lining of heart

A

Endocardium

49
Q

Lower two chambers of heart

A

Ventricles

50
Q

Describe hypoperfusion

A

Deficiency of blood passing through organ or body part

51
Q

Describe temporal arteritis

A

Inflammation of temporal arteries supplying blood to head and brain

52
Q

Low blood pressure occurs upon standing up is known as

A

Orthostatic hypotension

53
Q

Battery-powered device attached externally or implanted under skin to regular heartbeat is a

A

Pacemaker

54
Q

Radiographic test provide image of specific veins after injection of a contrast dye is known as

A

Venography

55
Q

Surgical removal of lining of portion of artery leading to brain that is clogged with plaque is known as

A

Carotid endarterectomy

56
Q

Event which heart abruptly stops beating or developing an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively is called

A

Cardiac arrest

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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