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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 The Human Body in Health and Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 2 The Human Body in Health and Disease Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Maintaining a constant internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

Referring to the area located behind the peritoneum

A

Retroperitoneal

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3
Q

The study of the functions of the body’s structures

A

Physiology

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4
Q

Which term refers to the vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
a. Transverse Plane
b. Frontal Plane
c. Midsagittal Plane
d. Sagittal Plane

A

Frontal Plane

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5
Q

Which term describes the abnormal cell development that is characteristic of most cancerous tumor formations?
a. aplasia
b. hypoplasia
c. dysplasia
d. anaplasia

A

Anaplasia

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6
Q

Which type of connective tissue is also known as fat and provides protective padding, insulation, and support?
a. dense connective tissue
b. loose connective tissue
c. adipose connective tissue
d. fluid connective tissue

A

Adipose connective tissue

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7
Q

General increase in the bulk of a part or organ not due to tumor formation

A

Hypertrophy

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8
Q

Material within cell membrane thatbis not part of the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Strucutre that secretes chemical substances into ducts is an

A

Exocrine gland

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10
Q

Outbreak of disease occuring over a large geographic area

A

Pandemic

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11
Q

Specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease

A

Epidemiologist

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12
Q

Illness without a known cause

A

Idiopathic

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13
Q

Study of the causes of diseases

A

Etiology

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14
Q

Ongoing presence of disease within a population

A

Endemic

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15
Q

Medical term describes a disease-producing microorganisms such as virus?

A

Pathogen

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16
Q

Which type of disease transmission occurs when there is a human-to-human contact in the form of touch or the exchange of bodily fluids?

A

Direct transmission

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17
Q

Describes the congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage is

A

Atresia

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18
Q

Specialist in the laboratory analysis of diseased tissue sample is a/an

A

Pathologist

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19
Q

What characteristic does the endocrine have?

A

Secrete hormones into bloodstream

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20
Q

Body is divided into equal vertical left and right halves by the

A

Midsagittal plane

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21
Q

Genetic variation associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve?

A

Down Syndrome

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22
Q

Microscopic study of tissues is known as

A

Histology

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23
Q

When considering the structural organization of the body, which is correct?
a. Each body system works independently
b. Tissues are composed of specialized cells
c. Cells group together to form body systems
d. Organs are the most complex structural unit

A

Tissues are composed of speciaized cells

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24
Q

Hospital-acquired infection

A

Nosocomial infection

25
Q

Hospital unit focuses on diagnosing and treating life-threatening emergency medical conditions

A

Emergency room

26
Q

Genetic disorder is caused by changes in the gene that usually makes a protein needed for normal brain development

A

Fragile X syndrome

27
Q

Type of tissue suspends the intestines within the abdominal cavity

A

Mesentery

28
Q

Type of illness produces physical symptoms for which no diseases or other organic cause can be identified

A

Functional disorder

29
Q

Medical term for a deviation from what is regarded as normal is

A

Anomaly

30
Q

Medical term for the incomplete development of an organ or tissue

A

Hypoplasia

31
Q

Health care professionals provides ongoing care for patients for all ages

A

General practitioner

32
Q

Change in the sequence of a DNA molecule is

A

Genetic mutation

33
Q

Study of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell known as

A

Cytology

34
Q

Protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body is known as

A

Epithelial tissue

35
Q

Malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body

A

Adenocarcinoma

36
Q

Benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue of gland or gland-like structure

A

Adenoma

37
Q

Change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

A

Anaplasia

38
Q

Study of the structures of the body

A

Anatomy

39
Q

Spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids

A

Bloodborne transmission

40
Q

Genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

A

Chromosome

41
Q

AkA contagious disease, any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

A

Communicable disease

42
Q

Abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

A

Congenital disorder

43
Q

Sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

A

Epidemic

44
Q

Produce hormones, do not have ducts

A

Endocrine glands

45
Q

Secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of body

A

Exocrine glands

46
Q

AKA hereditary disease, pathological condition caused by absent or defective gene

A

Genetic disorder

47
Q

Complete set of genetic infomation of an organism

A

Genome

48
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

A

Hemophilia

49
Q

Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

A

Iatrogenic illness

50
Q

Illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

A

Infectious disease

51
Q

Physician specializing in care of critically ill patients hospitalized in the ICU

A

Intensivist

52
Q

Outbreak of a disease occuring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

A

Pandemic

53
Q

Space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

A

Pelvic cavity

54
Q

Multilayed membrane protects and holds organs in place within abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum

55
Q

Unspecializedbcells thatvare able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

A

Stem cells

56
Q

Surrounds and protects heart and lungs

A

Thoracic cavity

57
Q

Horizontal plane divides body into superior and inferior

A

Transverse plane

58
Q

AKA belly button/naval, pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks point where umbilicall cord was attached before birth

A

Umbilicus

59
Q

Insect bite

A

Vector-borne transmission

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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