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Clinical Reasoning > Chapter 5 - Cardiac Condition > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Cardiac Condition Flashcards

1
Q

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common form and is also known as:

A

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD)

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2
Q

CHD is experienced more by men or women?

A

Men

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3
Q

Primary cause of CHD is:

A

Atherosclerosis - where lipids accumulate in the arteries forming plaques.

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4
Q

Complete occlusion of the coronary artery, blood supply to the myocardium is interrupted and the affected tissue becomes ischaemic -

A

Acute coronary syndrome

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5
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Death of tissue due to ischaemia (lack of blood)

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6
Q

Risk factors for CHD include

A 
Age
Heredity
Hypertension 
High serum cholesterol 
Diabetes Mellitus

Lifestyle factors -
Smoking
Lack of exercise
Obesity

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7
Q

The leading cause of heart failure:

A

Hypertension

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8
Q

Most common risk factor of heart failure is

A

CHD - coronary heart disease

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9
Q

The_____has the thickest walls as it pumps blood to_____.

A

Left ventricle, systemic circulation

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10
Q

Freshly oxygenated blood enters the heart through the_____, and is pumped out into the_____.

A

Left atrium, aorta

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11
Q

What is the window time for thrombolytics to be given?

A

6 hours

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12
Q

GTN - is used for

A

Glycerol Trinitrate/(Nitroglycerin) is used for heart failure, high BP & to treat/prevent chest pain.

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13
Q

2 signs of MI which may be seen on ECG:

A

ST elevation

Abnormal Q wave development

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14
Q

What does STEMI mean?

A

ST elevation myocardial infarction

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15
Q

Normal troponin T level is:

A

Less than 0.14 ug/L

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16
Q

Cardiac output is calculated by:

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

17
Q

T wave on an ECG indicates:

A

The ventricles have repolarised

18
Q

Groups of people most likely to be affected by coronary disease:

A 
Age over 55 years 
Men
Obese people
Aborignal / TSI 
Diabetes mellitus
19
Q

Ratio of breaths to compressions in basic life support is:

A

2:30

20
Q

Which of the following rhythms is “shockable”?

  • Asystole
  • Ventricular tachycardia with a pulse
  • Ventricular tachycardia without a pulse
  • Pulseless electrical activity
A

Ventricular tachycardia without a pulse

21
Q

Ventricular fibrillation causes ineffective quivering of the ventricles? T/F

A

True

22
Q

Ventricular fibrillation has a regular pattern T/F

A

False

23
Q

Ventricular fibrillation has a rate exceeding 300bpm T/F

A

True

24
Q

Ventricular fibrillation has identifiable R waves T/F

A

False

25
Q

Important cue cluster for a patient with ventricular fibrillation:

A

No audible heartbeat
No palpable pulse
No respiration’s
Non-responsiveness

26
Q

Euvolaemic:

A

Normal circulatory of blood volume

27
Q

Sign of heart failure?

A

Nurse notes the patient’s weight has increased by 2kg.

28
Q

Which of the following is not true of heart failure?

a) Myocardial failure leads to an increase in circulating volume
b) Ischaemic heart disease and hypertension are common causes of heart failure
c) One of the compensatory mechanisms activated in heart failure in the rennin-angiotension system.
d) Ventricular remodelling can occur as the myocardium adapts to increase in fluid volume and pressure

A

a)

29
Q

Left ventricular ejection fraction is best described as:

A

The fraction of blood pumped out of the left ventricle during each heartbeat and it is equal to the stroke volume divided by the end-diastolic volume.

30
Q

The most informative test in determining heart failure is:

A

Echocardiogram

31
Q

Congestive cardiac failure is a condition where excessive fluid builds up in the lungs due to the inadequate pumping of the heart. T/F

A

True

32
Q

Pulmonary oedema is more likely to occur with:

  • Hypotension
  • Right-sided heart failure
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Left-sided heart failure
A

Left-sided heart failure

33
Q

Systemic oedema is more likely with:

  • Hypotension
  • Right-sided heart failure
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Left-sided heart failure
A

Right-sided heart failure

Clinical Reasoning (5 decks)

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