Chapter 5 - Cardiac Condition Flashcards
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common form and is also known as:
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD)
CHD is experienced more by men or women?
Men
Primary cause of CHD is:
Atherosclerosis - where lipids accumulate in the arteries forming plaques.
Complete occlusion of the coronary artery, blood supply to the myocardium is interrupted and the affected tissue becomes ischaemic -
Acute coronary syndrome
Myocardial Infarction
Death of tissue due to ischaemia (lack of blood)
Risk factors for CHD include
Age Heredity Hypertension High serum cholesterol Diabetes Mellitus
Lifestyle factors -
Smoking
Lack of exercise
Obesity
The leading cause of heart failure:
Hypertension
Most common risk factor of heart failure is
CHD - coronary heart disease
The_____has the thickest walls as it pumps blood to_____.
Left ventricle, systemic circulation
Freshly oxygenated blood enters the heart through the_____, and is pumped out into the_____.
Left atrium, aorta
What is the window time for thrombolytics to be given?
6 hours
GTN - is used for
Glycerol Trinitrate/(Nitroglycerin) is used for heart failure, high BP & to treat/prevent chest pain.
2 signs of MI which may be seen on ECG:
ST elevation
Abnormal Q wave development
What does STEMI mean?
ST elevation myocardial infarction
Normal troponin T level is:
Less than 0.14 ug/L
Cardiac output is calculated by:
Heart rate x stroke volume
T wave on an ECG indicates:
The ventricles have repolarised
Groups of people most likely to be affected by coronary disease:
Age over 55 years Men Obese people Aborignal / TSI Diabetes mellitus
Ratio of breaths to compressions in basic life support is:
2:30
Which of the following rhythms is “shockable”?
- Asystole
- Ventricular tachycardia with a pulse
- Ventricular tachycardia without a pulse
- Pulseless electrical activity
Ventricular tachycardia without a pulse
Ventricular fibrillation causes ineffective quivering of the ventricles? T/F
True
Ventricular fibrillation has a regular pattern T/F
False
Ventricular fibrillation has a rate exceeding 300bpm T/F
True
Ventricular fibrillation has identifiable R waves T/F
False
Important cue cluster for a patient with ventricular fibrillation:
No audible heartbeat
No palpable pulse
No respiration’s
Non-responsiveness
Euvolaemic:
Normal circulatory of blood volume
Sign of heart failure?
Nurse notes the patient’s weight has increased by 2kg.
Which of the following is not true of heart failure?
a) Myocardial failure leads to an increase in circulating volume
b) Ischaemic heart disease and hypertension are common causes of heart failure
c) One of the compensatory mechanisms activated in heart failure in the rennin-angiotension system.
d) Ventricular remodelling can occur as the myocardium adapts to increase in fluid volume and pressure
a)
Left ventricular ejection fraction is best described as:
The fraction of blood pumped out of the left ventricle during each heartbeat and it is equal to the stroke volume divided by the end-diastolic volume.
The most informative test in determining heart failure is:
Echocardiogram
Congestive cardiac failure is a condition where excessive fluid builds up in the lungs due to the inadequate pumping of the heart. T/F
True
Pulmonary oedema is more likely to occur with:
- Hypotension
- Right-sided heart failure
- Atrial fibrillation
- Left-sided heart failure
Left-sided heart failure
Systemic oedema is more likely with:
- Hypotension
- Right-sided heart failure
- Atrial fibrillation
- Left-sided heart failure
Right-sided heart failure
