Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 310 > Chapter 5 Brain & Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Brain & Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

Absorptive Phase

A

The period of a few hours following a meal during which the body relies on the nutrients arriving from the digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Amino Acids

A

The building blocks of peptides, which in turn make up proteins. In digestion, the result of the breakdown of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Angiotension II

A

A hormone that signals lowered blood volume and, thus, volemic thirst to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

An eating disorder in which the person restricts food intake to maintain weight at a level so low that it is threatening to health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Arcuate Nucleus (ARC)

A

A structure in the hypothalamus that monitors the body’s nutrient condition and regulates eating behavior; it is considered the master hypothalamic center for food intake control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Area Postrema

A

A brain area unprotected by the blood-brain barrier; blood-borne toxins entering here induce vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Arousal Theory

A

The hypothesis that people behave in ways that keep them at their preferred level of arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Basal Metabolism

A

The amount of energy required to fuel the brain and other organs and to maintain body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Binge Eating Disorder

A

A disorder characterized by frequent consumption of excessive amounts fo food during a short interval of time and a feeling of loss of control over what and how much is eaten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A

The person’s weight in kilograms divided by the squared height in meters; an indication of the person’s deviation from the ideal weight for the person’s height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

An eating disorder involving bingeing on food, followed by purging by vomiting or using laxatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

A peptide hormone released as food passes into the duodenum; CCK acts as a signal to the brain that reduces meal size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diabetes

A

An insulin disorder in which the person produces too little insulin (type 1), resulting in overeating with little weight gain, or the person’s brain is insensitive to insulin (type 2), resulting in overeating with weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diabetes Gene

A

A gene on chromosome 4 that produces diabetes and obesity; mice with the gene are insensitive to leptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Drive

A

An aroused condition resulting from a departure from homeostasis, which impels the individual to take appropriate action, such as eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Drive Theory

A

A hypothesis based on the assumption that an unmet need will result in behavior that will satisfy that need in order to maintain a condition of homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Duodenum

A

The first section of the small intestine, where most digestion occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epigenetic

A

A term referring to modifications to DNA that turn genes “on” or “off,” without changing the gene’s DNA sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fasting Phase

A

The period following the absorptive phase, when the glucose level in the blood drops and the body must rely on its energy stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fatty Acids

A

A breakdown product of fat, which supplies the muscles and organs of the body (except for the brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ghrelin

A

An orexigenic neuropeptide hormone that is synthesized in the stomach and released into the bloodstream during fasting

22
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone released by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to transform stored glycogen back into glucose during the fasting phase

23
Q

Glucose

A

One of the sugars; the body’s main source of energy, reserved for the nervous system during the fasting phase; a major signal for hungry and satiation

24
Q

Glycerol

A

A breakdown product of fats, which is converted to glucose for the brain during the fasting period

25
Q

Glycogen

A

The form in which glucose is stored in the liver and muscles during the absorptive phase; it is converted back to glucose for the brain during the fasting phase

26
Q

Homeostasis

A

A body system seeks and maintains this condition of balance or equilibrium and has mechanisms to minimize changes to the system

27
Q

Hypovolemic Thirst

A

A fluid deficit that occurs when the blood volume drops due to a loss of extracellular water

28
Q

Incentive Theory

A

A theory that recognizes that people are motivated by external stimuli (incentives), not just internal needs

29
Q

Instinct

A

A complex behavior that is automatic and unlearned and occurs in all the members of a species

30
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that enables entry of glucose into cells (not including the nervous system) during the absorptive phase and facilitates storage of excess nutrients

31
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)

A

A nucleus of the hypothalamus that initiates eating and controls several aspects of feeding behavior and metabolic responses; it is also involved in aggression and waking arousal

32
Q

Learned Taste Aversion

A

Learned avoidance of a food (based on its taste) eaten prior to becoming ill

33
Q

Learned Taste Preference

A

Preference for a food containing a needed nutrient (identified by the food’s taste), learned, presumably, because the nutrient makes the individual feel better

34
Q

Leptin

A

A hormone secreted by fat cells, which is proportional to the percentage of body fat and which signals fat level to the brain

35
Q

Median Preoptic Nucleus (MnPO)

A

A nucleus of the hypothalamus that initiates drinking in response to osmotic and volumetric deficits

36
Q

Motivation

A

The set of factors that initiate, sustain, and direct behavior

37
Q

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)

A

A transmitter released by NPY/AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus when nutrient levels diminish; it is a powerful stimulant for eating and conserves energy

38
Q

NPY/AgRP Neurons

A

Neurons in the arcuate nucleus that release neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, and GABA, all of which initiate eating

39
Q

Obesity Gene

A

A gene on chromosome 6 that causes obesity; in mice, it results in an inability to produce leptin

40
Q

Orexin

A

A neuropeptide released by lateral hypothalamic neurons that increases feeding and arousal; also known as hypocretin

41
Q

Organum Vasculosum Lamina Terminalis (OVLT)

A

A structure bordering the third ventricle that monitors fluid content in the cells and contributes to the control of osmotic thirst

42
Q

Osmotic Thirst

A

Thirst that occurs when the fluid content is low inside the body’s cells

43
Q

Osmotic Thirst

A

Thirst that occurs when the fluid content is low inside the body’s cells

44
Q

Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN)

A

A structure in the hypothalamus that regulates eating and metabolic processes such as body temperature, fat storage, and cellular metabolism, largely controlled by inputs from the nucleus of the solitary tract

45
Q

Peptide Yy3-36 (PYY)

A

An appetite-suppressing peptide hormone released in the intestines in response to food

46
Q

Preoptic Area

A

A structure in the hypothalamus that contains warmth-sensitive cells and cold-sensitive cells and participates in the control of body temperature. See medial preoptic area regarding regulation of sexual behavior

47
Q

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) Neurons

A

Cells in the arcuate nucleus that release the peptide proopiomelanocortin, a protein that activates satiety neurons and decreases eating

48
Q

Satiety

A

Satisfaction of appetite

49
Q

Sensory-Specific Satiety

A

Decreased attractiveness of a food as the person or animal eats more of it

50
Q

Set Point

A

A value in a control system that is the system’s point of equilibrium or homeostasis; departures from this value initiate actions to restore the set-point condition

51
Q

Subfornical Organ (SFO)

A

One of the structures bordering the third ventricle that increases drinking when stimulated by angiotensin II

52
Q

Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)

A

An area in the hypothalamus important for female sexual receptivity and male mating vigor in rats. It is also involved in eating behavior, and destruction in rats produces extreme obesity

PSYC 310 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions