Chapter 5: Biological Macromolecules

Question 1

What do monomers make up?

Answer 1

Polymers

Question 2

What happens in a dehydration reaction?

Answer 2

2 molecules covalently bond to one another and a water molecule is lost

Question 3

What happens in hydrolysis?

Answer 3

A bond between monomers are broken by the addition of a water molecule

Question 4

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Sugars and polymers of sugar (monosaccharides)

Question 5

What are the trademarks of sugar?

Answer 5

A carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group

Question 6

What are the four main classes of large biological molecules?

Answer 6

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Question 7

What are lipids?

Answer 7

Fats, phospholipids and steroids

-These are hydrophobic

Question 8

What is an ester linkage?

Answer 8

Comes from a dehydration reaction between a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group

Question 9

What are phospholipids?

Answer 9

The basic components of cellular membranes

They have a modified phosphate group bonded to the third carbon on the glycerol

Question 10

What charge do acids have?

Answer 10

Negative

Question 11

What charge do basics have?

Answer 11

Positive