Chapter 5? Bacteria Flashcards
1
Q
What does prototrophic mean?
A
Grows without the addition of any nutrients -> can grow in minimal media
2
Q
What does auxotrophic?
A
cannot grow without the addition of the needed nutrient
3
Q
What is conjugation?
A
- Union of 2 bacterial cells
- DNA transfer
4
Q
What is transformation?
A
- Bacteria takes up DNA from the environment
- DNA can than be integrated into bacterial chromosome
5
Q
What is tranduction?
A
- Trans of DNA from 1 bacteria to another through phage (virus) intermediate
6
Q
What are F plasmids?
A
- Carry part of the bacterial chromosome
- If 2 (or more) alleles are on the F plasmid, they exist close to each other on the bacterial chromosome
7
Q
What are R plasmids?
A
- Similar to F plasmids
- Can carry genes coding for many traits
- Easily transferred to other bacteria
- Have been manipulated for routine molecular biology
8
Q
What is a bacteriophage?
A
- Viruses that parasitize and kill bacteria
9
Q
What is a virulent phage?
A
- Immediately kills host upon infection
10
Q
What is a temperate phage?
A
- Can remain in host for a period of time without killing
11
Q
What is a prophage?
A
- Phage DNA integrated into bacterial chromosome
12
Q
What is a lysogen?
A
Bacterium containing a dorment phage
13
Q
What is generalized transduction?
A
- Pieces of bacterial DNA taken up by phage are random
14
Q
What is specialized transduction?
A
- Pieces of bacterial DNA taken up by phage are next to the inserted phage in the lysogen
