Chapter 5: Audition Flashcards
What is loudness?
function of sound wave intensity
What is pitch?
frequency of vibration measured in hertz
What is timbre?
Provision of information about nature or complexity of sound
What are the 3 parts of the ear containing the eardrum, and hollow space?
- tympanic membrane
- middle ear
- ossicles
What are the 3 parts of the middle ear?
malleus, incus and stapes
What are the parts of the inner ear?
Cochlea and oval window
What does the oval window do?
Transmits sound vibrations into fluid in cochlea
What does the organ of corti do and what does it contain?
- contains auditory hair cells
- sensory organ of cochlea
Sound waves causes what to move relative to tectorial membrane?
basilar membrane
What bends cilia of hair cells?
Tectorial membrane
What do hair cells do?
Auditory receptor cells of the auditory apparatus
Describe the movements of the cilia
- Deflections of the stereocilia in direction of the tallest leads to increase of rate of opening of ion channels, depolarization and excitation of cochlear nerve afferents
- Deflections in opposite direction causes transduction channels to close
Describe place coding (cochlea detects frquency with this).
- Moderate to high frequency
- Information coded by different locations on basilar membrane
Describe rate coding (cochlea detects frequency with this).
- Low frequencies
- information coded by rate of action potentials
What is the pathway of hearing?
- axons enter cochlear nucleus
- neurons send axons to superior olivary complex
- information passes through lateral lemniscus
- to the inferior colliculus
- medial geniculate nucleus
- auditory cortex
What is the tonotopic representation?
- Relationship between cortex and basilar membrane
- mapping of different frequencies of sound that’re represented in particular region of brain
What is called the loss or impairment of musical abilities?
amusia
How can music therapy help with a strong beat?
Stimulate brainwaves to synch bringing sharper concentration and more alert thinking
How can music therapy help with a slower tempo?
Promote calm meditative state
What are positive effects of music therapy (3)?
- breathing and hate rate can be altered
- bring a positive state of mind
- lower blood pressure, boost immunity, ease muscle tension, ect.
2 benefits of music therapy for language and speech with clients with brain injury.
- singing for people who can’t talk
2. works on breath control and timing of speech
2 benefits of music therapy for memory/cognitive issues with clients with brain injury.
- sequencing and memory
2. reminisce (those with memory loss)
