Chapter 5 - Aqueous Chemistry Flashcards
What is a solution?
A homogenous mixture
What is a solvent?
The majority solution component, retains its state
What is a solute?
The minority solution component, becomes the state of the solvent
What is a salt?
Any ionic compound
What is molarity (M)?
The most common concentration unit
- molarity = moles solute / L solution
How do you make a diluted solution?
- It is common to make dilute solutions from more
concentrated ones (stock solutions) - More solvent is added but the amount of solute
remains constant - Moles solute before dilution = moles solute after
dilution - M1V1 = M2V2
What are electrolytes?
Solutes that conduct electricity when dissolved in water because they are ionic or ionized
- Nonelectrolytes dissolve in water but don’t
ionize
What kind of electrolytes completely ionize in water?
Strong electrolytes, there are three types:
- Soluble salts
- Strong acids
- Strong bases
What kind of electrolytes slightly ionize in water?
Weak electrolytes
- Weak acids such as HC2H3O2
- Weak bases such as NH3
- For instance, acetic acid is ~1% ionized in water
Do nonelectrolytes dissolve in water?
Yes, nonelectrolytes like sucrose dissolve in water but don’t ionize
What are the three main types of reactions?
- Precipitation reactions
- Acid-base reactions
- Oxidation-reduction reactions
What ions tend to be soluble?
- Li, Na, K, NH4, NO3 and C2H3O2 are soluble with
no exceptions - Cl, Br and I are soluble except when paired with
Ag, Hg2 or Pb - SO4 is soluble except when paired with Sr, Ba,
Pb, Ag or Ca
What ions tend to not be soluble?
- OH and S tend not to be unless paired with Li,
Na, K, NH4, Ca, Sr or Ba - CO2 and PO4 are not soluble unless paired with
Li, Na, K or NH4
How do you predict if precipitation will happen?
- Swap anions and cations
- A precipitate occurs if either product is insoluble
- Otherwise there is no reaction
What is a molecular equation?
Everything is written as a compound
