Chapter 5: Anxiety, Trauma- and Stressor-Related, and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Question 1

anxiety

Answer 1

Mood state characterized by marked negative affect and bodily symptoms of tension in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune. Anxiety may involve feelings, behaviors, and physiological
responses.

Question 2

fear

Answer 2

Emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger or life-threatening emergencies.

Question 3

panic

Answer 3

Sudden, overwhelming fright or terror.

Question 4

panic attack

Answer 4

Abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by a number of physical symptoms, such as dizziness or heart palpitations.

Question 5

behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

Answer 5

Brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat

signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety.

Question 6

fight/flight system (FFS)

Answer 6

Brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm and escape response resembling human
panic.

Question 7

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 7

Anxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable,
unfocused, chronic, and continuous worry that is distressing and unproductive, accompanied by physical symptoms of tenseness, irritability, and restlessness.

Question 8

panic disorder (PD)

Answer 8

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks accompanied by concern about future attacks and/or a lifestyle change to avoid future attacks.

Question 9

agoraphobia

Answer 9

Anxiety disorder characterized by anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult in the event of panic symptoms or other unpleasant 
physical symptoms (e.g., incontinence).

Question 10

panic control treatment

Answer 10

Cognitive behavioral treatment for panic attacks,
involving gradual exposure to feared somatic
sensations and modification of perceptions
and attitudes about them.

Question 11

specific phobia

Answer 11

Unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with daily life functioning.

Question 12

blood–injection–injury phobia

Answer 12

Unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood,

injury, or the possibility of an injection. Victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure.

Question 13

situational phobia

Answer 13

Anxiety involving enclosed places (for example, claustrophobia) or public transportation (for example, fear of flying).

Question 14

natural environment phobia

Answer 14

Fear of situations or events in nature, especially heights, storms, and water.

Question 15

animal phobia

Answer 15

Unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life.

Question 16

separation anxiety disorder

Answer 16

Excessive, enduring fear in some individuals that harm will come to them or their loved ones when they are apart.

Question 17

social phobia/ social anxiety disorder

Answer 17

Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations.

Question 18

posttraumatic stress disorder

Answer 18

Enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows
exposure to severe helplessness or a fear-inducing threat. The victim re-experiences the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased vigilance and arousal.

Question 19

acute stress disorder

Answer 19

Severe reaction immediately following a terrifying event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization. If symptoms persist beyond one month, victims are diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 20

adjustment disorders

Answer 20

anxious or depressive reactions to life stress that are generally milder than one would see in acute stress disorder or PTSD but are nevertheless impairing in terms of interfering with work or school performance, interpersonal relationships, or other areas of living

Question 21

attachment disorders

Answer 21

Developmentally inappropriate behaviors in which a child is unable or unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with caregiving adults.

Question 22

reactive attachment disorder

Answer 22

In reactive attachment disorder the child will very seldom
seek out a caregiver for protection, support, and nurturance and will seldom respond to offers from caregivers to provide this kind of care. Generally they would evidence lack of responsiveness, limited positive affect, and additional heightened emotionality, such as fearfulness and intense sadness.

Question 23

disinhibited social engagement disorder

Answer 23

Condition in which a child shows no inhibitions whatsoever in approaching adults.

Question 24

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 24

Disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive
thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive
actions intended to suppress them.

Question 25

obsessions

Answer 25

Recurrent intrusive thoughts or impulses the client seeks to suppress or neutralize while recognizing they are not imposed by outside forces.

Question 26

compulsions

Answer 26

Repetitive, ritualistic, time- consuming behaviors or mental acts a person feels driven to perform to suppress obsessions.

Question 27

body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 27

Disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance (“imagined ugliness”).
Now classified among obsessive-compulsive and related disorders; previously grouped with DSM-IV somatoform disorders.

Question 28

trichotillomania

Answer 28

People’s urge to pull out their own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arm.

Question 29

excoriation (skin picking disorder)

Answer 29

Recurrent, difficult-to-control picking of one’s skin leading
to significant impairment or distress.