Chapter 5 and 6 Midtm Review

Question 1

Cell wall

Answer 1

• cellulose, chitin, peptidioglycan

- structure support

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

• Phospholipid Bilayer
• Controls what goes in or out of cell (Selective permeability)
• Involved in cell communication

Question 3

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 3

To sets of phospholipids

-phospholipid: lipid with a phosphate head, with a lipid tales

Question 4

Semi-permeable

Answer 4

Some molecules can enter, others cannot

Question 5

Selective permeability

Answer 5

Membrane can decide what goes through and what doesn’t

Question 6

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 6

The cell membrane is fluid, and made up of many small prices, similar to a mosaic.

Question 7

Pump proteins

Answer 7

Pump objects in, or out of the cell

Question 8

Channel proteins

Answer 8

Open hatches to allow access through cell membrane

Question 9

Cellular transport

Answer 9

Movement of materials in/out of the cell

Question 10

Passive transport

Answer 10

Does NOT require energy from the cell (ATP)

• Diffusion
• Facilitated diffusion
• Osmosis

Question 11

Active transport

Answer 11

Does require energy from the cell (ATP)

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

The movement of particles from a high concentrated area to a lower concentrated area

Question 13

Osmosis

Answer 13

The diffusion of water through the semipermeable membrane

Question 14

Endocytosis

Answer 14

The expanding of the cell membrane to consume a large particle

Question 15

Exocytosis

Answer 15

The opposite of endocytosis.

Question 16

Phagocytosis

Answer 16

Taking in solids through endocytosis

Question 17

Penocytosis

Answer 17

Taking in liquids by endocytosis

Question 18

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 18

Breakdown of food without oxygen

• speed
• Profit of only 2 ATP

Question 19

Glycolysis

Answer 19

Energy investment of 2 ATP which is turned to 2 ADP. 4 ADP’s are converted to 4 ATP. Net gain of 2 ATP

NADH: NAD+ -> NADH

Breaking glucose into two molecules of 3-Carbon compound called pyruvate

Question 20

Fermentation

Answer 20

The recycling of NADH

fast energy maker for energy needed on short notice

Question 21

Aerobic respiration

Answer 21

Breakdown of food using O2

C6H12O6+6O2 -> 6CO2+6H2O

Slower process - 36 ATP/glucose

Question 22

Steps of aerobic respiration

Answer 22

• Glycolysis: 6 glucose molecules split into 2 pairs of 3 Piruvate
• Kreb’s cycle: Release some ATP, release of carbon dioxide
• Electron transport chain: use the high energy of high energy electrons and use them propel a turbine, the useless electron are now linked with hydrogen atoms and are found as water,

Question 23

Enzymes

Answer 23

The catalysts of the cell, they speed up reactions and will join to reactants together to quicken the process