Chapter 5 and 6 Midtm Review Flashcards
Cell wall
- cellulose, chitin, peptidioglycan
- structure support
Cell membrane
- Phospholipid Bilayer
- Controls what goes in or out of cell (Selective permeability)
- Involved in cell communication
Phospholipid bilayer
To sets of phospholipids
-phospholipid: lipid with a phosphate head, with a lipid tales
Semi-permeable
Some molecules can enter, others cannot
Selective permeability
Membrane can decide what goes through and what doesn’t
Fluid mosaic model
The cell membrane is fluid, and made up of many small prices, similar to a mosaic.
Pump proteins
Pump objects in, or out of the cell
Channel proteins
Open hatches to allow access through cell membrane
Cellular transport
Movement of materials in/out of the cell
Passive transport
Does NOT require energy from the cell (ATP)
- Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Osmosis
Active transport
Does require energy from the cell (ATP)
Diffusion
The movement of particles from a high concentrated area to a lower concentrated area
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through the semipermeable membrane
Endocytosis
The expanding of the cell membrane to consume a large particle
Exocytosis
The opposite of endocytosis.
Phagocytosis
Taking in solids through endocytosis
Penocytosis
Taking in liquids by endocytosis
Anaerobic respiration
Breakdown of food without oxygen
- speed
- Profit of only 2 ATP
Glycolysis
Energy investment of 2 ATP which is turned to 2 ADP. 4 ADP’s are converted to 4 ATP. Net gain of 2 ATP
NADH: NAD+ -> NADH
Breaking glucose into two molecules of 3-Carbon compound called pyruvate
Fermentation
The recycling of NADH
fast energy maker for energy needed on short notice
Aerobic respiration
Breakdown of food using O2
C6H12O6+6O2 -> 6CO2+6H2O
Slower process - 36 ATP/glucose
Steps of aerobic respiration
- Glycolysis: 6 glucose molecules split into 2 pairs of 3 Piruvate
- Kreb’s cycle: Release some ATP, release of carbon dioxide
- Electron transport chain: use the high energy of high energy electrons and use them propel a turbine, the useless electron are now linked with hydrogen atoms and are found as water,
Enzymes
The catalysts of the cell, they speed up reactions and will join to reactants together to quicken the process
