Chapter 5 and 6 Anatomy and Circulatory System Flashcards
The structural composition of the human body
Anatomy
The function of the human body.
Physiology
Means “covering” or “skin”
Integumentary System
Composed of all the muscles of the body and is responsible for nearly half the normal weight of the body.
Muscular System
Composed of all the bones and joints of the
body, including the cartilage, and ligaments that connect them.
Skeletal System
Controls and coordinates activities of the various body systems by means of electrical impulses and chemical substances sent to and received from all parts of the body.
Nervous System
The system of organs that is responsible for ingesting, digesting, and absorbing food, and then discharging wastes from these processes from the body.
Digestive System
Composed of all the organs in males and
females that work together to produce a new human being.
Reproductive System
Composed of glands and hormones that help regulate the metabolic activity of the body.
Endocrine System
Composed of all the organs involved in
producing, collecting, and eliminating urine.
Urinary System
Consists of the organs and structures that
allow an individual to breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
Respiratory System
Are structures composed of tissues that function together for a common purpose.
Organs
Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a special function.
Tissues
The arrest or stoppage of bleeding
Hemostasis
Blood that has been prevented from
clotting.
Whole Blood
white blood cells (WBCs), contain nuclei.
Leukocytes
often called “segs” because the nucleus of a typical ________________ has several lobes or segments.
Neutrophils
normally the second-most
numerous type of WBC and the most numerous agranulocyte.
Lymphocytes
the largest WBCs.
Monocytes
Leukocytes Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils are all apart of what?
White Blood Cells
What are Erythrocytes?
Red Blood Cells
The most numerous cells in the blood, averaging 4.5 to 5 million per cubic millimeter of blood.
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
Thrombocytes
Platelets
______________means “in front of the elbow.”
______________ means a shallow depression.
Antecubital Fossa (AC)
The blood vessels that bring oxygen-rich blood from your heart to all of your body’s cells.
Arteries
The blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart.
Veins
Located in the lateral aspect of the antecubital area, it is the second-choice vein for venipuncture in the H-shaped
pattern. It is often harder to palpate than the median cubital vein but is fairly well anchored and often the only vein that can be palpated in obese patients.
Cephalic Vein
A large vein located on the medial aspect (inner side) of the antecubital area, it is the last-choice vein for venipuncture in either venous distribution pattern. It is generally easy to palpate but is not as well anchored and rolls more easily, increasing the possibility of accidental puncture of the median nerve.
Basilic vein
Located near the center of the antecubital
area, it is the preferred, and thus first choice, vein for venipuncture in the H-shaped pattern. It is typically larger, closer to the surface, better anchored, and more stationary than the others, making it the easiest and least painful to puncture as well as the least likely to bruise.
Median Cubital Vein
The thin outer layer of the heart
Epicardium
The middle muscle layer of the heart
Myocardium
The thin inner layer that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the flaps of the heart valves.
Endocardium
Upper right chamber;
Receives deoxygenated
blood from the body via
both the superior (upper)
vena cava and inferior
(lower) vena cava and
pumps it into the right
ventricle.
Right Atrium
Lower right chamber;
Receives blood from the
right atrium and pumps it
into the pulmonary artery,
which carries it to the
lungs to be oxygenated.
Right Ventricle
Upper left chamber;
Receives oxygenated
blood from the lungs via
the pulmonary veins and
pumps it into the left
ventricle.
Left Atrium
Lower left chamber;
Receives blood from the
left atrium and pumps it
into the aorta; the walls of
the left ventricle are nearly
three times as thick as
those of the right ventricle
owing to the force
required to pump the
blood into the arterial
system.
Left Ventricle
Serves the rest of the body, carrying
oxygenated blood and nutrients from the left ventricle of the heart to
the body cells and then returning to the right atrium of the heart with
blood carrying carbon dioxide and other waste products of metabolism from the cells
Systemic Circulation
Tunica Adventitia, Tunica media, Tunica intima
Blood Vessel Structure
The outer layer of a blood vessel, made up of
connective tissue and thicker in arteries than veins; also called the
tunica externa.
Tunica Adventitia
The middle layer of a blood vessel, made up of smooth muscle tissue and some elastic fibers and much thicker in arteries
than in veins.
Tunica Media
The inner layer or lining of a blood vessel; made up of a single layer of endothelial cells, a basement membrane, a
connective tissue layer, and an elastic internal membrane; also
called the tunica interna.
Tunica Intima
Fluid separated from clotted blood.
Serum
Fluid separated from blood
that has been prevented from clotting.
Plasma
Gel-like clumps of blood. When they form in response to a cut or other injury, they stop the bleeding by plugging the injured blood vessel.
Blood Clot
The _________ _________ is a network of organs, vessels, ducts, and nodes. Returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream, protects the body by removing microorganisms and
impurities, processes lymphocytes, and delivers fats absorbed from the small intestine to the bloodstream.
Lymphatic System
__________ __________ extend throughout the entire body, much like blood vessels. Makes up the the Lymphatic System.
Lymph Vessels
