Chapter 2 and 3 Terms to Know Flashcards
A procedure in which a needle is used to take blood from a vein, usually for laboratory testing._______________ may also be done to remove extra red blood cells from the blood, to treat certain blood disorders. Also called blood draw and venipuncture.
Phlebotomy
is the degree of excellence of something.
Quality
Quality Assurance (QA)
includes all the activities and programs put in place to guarantee the
excellence of patient care.
Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)
A system put in place to improve quality by continuous monitoring and
analyzing all processes (including personnel involved in those processes) and identifying those processes that need improvement
The Joint Commission (JTC)
an independent, not-for-profit organization charged with, among other things, establishing standards for the operation of hospitals and other health-related facilities and services.
Sentinel Event (SE)
is any unfavorable event that is unexpected and results in death or serious physical or psychological injury.
Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments 1988 (CLIA)
Its purpose is to provide technical and scientific advice
and guidance to the appropriate people in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) who are administering the regulations.
College of American Pathologists (CAP)
National organization that is an outgrowth of the American
Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), a not-for-profit organization for
professionals in the field of laboratory medicine.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
Is a global,
nonprofit, standards-developing organization with representatives from
the profession, industry, and government. The
organization uses a widespread agreement process to develop
voluntary guidelines and standards for all areas of the laboratory.
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS)
is recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as an authority on quality clinical laboratory education.
Quality Assurance in Phlebotomy
A QA program strives to guarantee quality service through scheduled
reviews that look at the appropriateness, applicability, and timeliness
of patient care.
Risk Management
Is an internal process
focused on identifying and minimizing situations that pose risk to patients and employees.
Tort
Is a wrongful act other than breach of contract committed against someone’s person, property, reputation, or other legally protected right, for which the individual is entitled to damages awarded by the court.
Malpractice
A type of negligence committed by a professional. A claim of ___________ implies that a greater standard of care was owed to the injured person than the “reasonable person” standard associated with negligence.
Guidelines to Avoid Lawsuits
- Acquire informed consent before collecting specimens.
- Be meticulous when identifying patients and patient specimens.
- Carefully monitor the patient before, during, and after venipuncture.
- Respect a patient’s right to confidentiality.
- Strictly adhere to CLSI standards and other accepted procedures and
practices. - Use proper safety containers and devices.
- Listen and respond appropriately to patient requests.
Informed Consent
Implies voluntary and competent permission for a medical procedure, test, or medication.
Expressed/Express
Is a variation of informed consent. It is required for treatment that involves surgery, experimental drugs, genetic testing, or
high-risk procedures.
Implied Consent
The patient’s actions or circumstances imply
consent without a verbal or written expression of consent. This type of consent may be necessary in emergency procedures, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), to save a person’s life.
Infection
Is a condition that results when a microbe (microorganism) invades the body, multiplies, and causes injury or disease.
Communicable Infections
Able to spread from person to person in the form of an infection.
Nosocomial Infection
Is the traditional term applied to patient
infections acquired in hospitals.
Chain of Infection
Infection transmission requires the presence of certain components, which make up what is referred to as the __________________. __________________must be complete for an infection to occur.
Antibiotic Resistance
Occurs when bacteria change so that antibiotic medicines can’t kill them or stop their growth. Leads to much suffering and increases a patient’s risk of dying from once easily treatable infections.
Transmission Routes of Infection
Airborne, Contact, Droplet, Vehicle, and Vector
Handwashing, use of PPE, Biohazard waste disposal, proper decontamination, Needle safety, Disposal of Sharps
Hand hygiene and Safety Precautions
Aseptic Technique for Blood Collection
- Following proper hand hygiene procedures.
- Keeping supplies within easy reach to prevent dropping them.
- Opening equipment packages in a way that avoids contamination.
- Prompt and safe disposal of contaminated equipment.
- Prompt cleanup up of infectious material.
- Wearing gloves for blood collection and other PPE when indicated.
Precautions to use in caring for all
patients regardless of diagnosis or presumed infection status.
Standard Precautions
Anything harmful or potentially harmful to health
Biohazard
Biohazard can become ____________ and inhaled when splashes,
aerosols, or fumes are generated.
Airborne
Biohazards can be _____________ if HCWs neglect to sanitize their hands
before handling food, gum, candy, cigarettes, or drinks.
Ingested
Biohazards can enter the body through visible and invisible pre-existing breaks in the skin such as abrasions, burns, cuts, scratches, etc.
Nonintact Skin
Exposure to biohazardous
microorganisms in blood or body fluid occurs through intact
(unbroken) skin from accidental needlesticks and injuries from other
sharps including broken glass and specimen tubes.
Percutaneous
Exposure occurs when
infectious microorganisms and other biohazards enter the body
through the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose and the conjunctiva of the eyes in droplets generated by sneezing or coughing, splashes, and aerosols and by rubbing or touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with contaminated hands.
Permucosal
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Hepatitis D Virus
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Most Common Bloodborne pathogens
Occupational Safety and Health Administration and their standards
OSHA;
The standard requires
implementation of engineering controls and work practice controls to prevent exposure incidents, availability and use of PPE, special
training, medical surveillance, and the availability of vaccination against HBV for all at-risk employees.
______________________________________________ imposed additional requirements on healthcare employers concerning sharps procedures in order to further reduce healthcare worker exposure to BBPs.
Needlestick safety and Prevention
To comply with the OSHA BBP standard, employers must have a
written ______________________________. The plan must be reviewed and updated
at least annually to document the evaluation and implementation of safer medical devices. Nonmanagerial employees with risk of exposure must be involved in the identification, review, and selection
of engineering and work practice controls, and their participation must
be documented.
Exposure Control Plan
Requires a holistic approach, one that meets the physical, emotional,
social, spiritual, and economic needs.
Personal wellness
- Identify your problem and talk about it with a close friend,
partner, or the person at the source of the problem. - Learn to relax throughout the day—close your eyes, relax your
body, and clear your mind. - Exercise regularly—develop a consistent exercise routine that
you can enjoy. - Avoid making too many changes at once—plan for the future to
avoid simultaneous major changes. - Spend at least 15 minutes a day thoroughly planning the time
you have. - Set realistic goals—be practical about what you can accomplish.
- Avoid procrastination by tackling the most difficult job first.
Are all examples of what?
Stress Management
Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act.
Requires all healthcare providers to obtain a patient’s consent in writing before disclosing medical information such as a patient’s test
results, treatment, or condition to any unauthorized person.
HIPAA
A tender, fluid-filled pocket that forms in tissue, usually due to infection.
Abscess
A cut or scrape that typically isn’t serious.
Abrasion
Signifies a condition that begins abruptly and is sometimes severe, but the duration is short.
Acute
Not cancerous.
Benign
A small sample of tissue that’s taken for testing.
Biopsy
Signifies a recurring, persistent condition like heart disease.
Chronic
A bruise.
Contusion
A medical device that uses electric shocks to restore normal heartbeat.
Defibrillator
Swelling caused by fluid accumulation.
Edema
An arterial blockage, often caused by a blood clot.
Embolism
The outer layer of the skin.
Epidermis
Broken bone or cartilage.
Fracture
An organ or tissue that produces and secretes fluids that serve a specific function.
Gland
High blood pressure.
Hypertension
A patient who requires hospitalization.
Inpatient
Indicates medication or fluid that’s delivered by vein.
Intravenous
Indicates the presence of cancerous cells.
Malignant
A patient who receives care without being admitted to a hospital.
Outpatient
The predicated outcome of disease progression and treatment.
Prognosis
Return of disease or symptoms after a patient has recovered
Relapse
Stitches, which are used to join tissues together as they heal.
Sutures
The removal of an organ or tissue from one body that is implanted into another.
Transplant
A substance that stimulates antibody production to provide immunity against disease.
Vaccine
A disease that is transmissible from animals to humans.
Zoonotic
