Chapter 5 And 6 Flashcards
Proclamation of 1763
Prohibited colonists from moving west of the Appalachian mountains.
Describe the sugar act
Lowered tax on sugar (molasses) to reduce smuggling; allowed British soldiers to take goods from accused smugglers without a court order
What was the effect of the sugar act?
Colonists thought it violated their right to a trial and to be secure in their homes
Describe the stamp act
Increased tax on printed materials
What was the effect of the stamp act?
Colonists argued that they could not be taxed without representation (no taxation equals no representation)
Describe the townshed act
They taxed imported goods.
What was the effect of the townshed act?
Colonists boycotted British goods.
Describe the tea act.
Gave East India company total control over tea trade and removed some taxes on tea
What was the effect of the tea act?
Colonists did not want to pay any tax or be told what tea they could buy and rebelled with the Boston Tea Party.
Describe the Coercive acts
Punished colonists for resisting British authority
What was the effect of the coercive acts?
Said the laws violated their rights as English citizens and renamed them the intolerable acts.
What was the Boston massacre?
5 colonists are killed when fighting breaks out with British soldiers sent to monitor the rebellion. Colonists launch a propaganda campaign.
Describe the Boston tea party
After colonists dump tea into the Boston harbor king George 3 thinks he is losing control of the colonists and passes the Coercive acts (intolerable acts)
Describe the first continental congress
Delegates draft list of grievances against British laws, boycott British goods, and call on colonists to arm themselves against the British.
Describe the early battles
British troops fight colonists at battles of Lexington and Concord and the British defeat colonial forces at bunker hill
Describe the second continental congress
After Britain refuses to accept the olive branch petition the colonies move forward toward independence by drafting the Declaration of Independence
What is the preamble?
The introduction which states of people want to form a new country the should list their reasons for doing so
What was second in the Declaration of Independence
List of rights American citizens thought they should have
What was third in the Declaration of Independence
List of grievances against the British king
What was last in the Declaration of Independence
Announcement that the United States will be formed as a new and self governing nation
What are loyalists?
Colonists who sided with Britain
They did not think the British taxes and laws justified a rebellion
They thought Britain would win the war and did not want to be on the losing side
What are patriots?
Colonists who supported the war with Britain
Believed they had the right to govern themselves
We’re willing to fight to win independence
What percent of people were loyalists, patriots, or neutralists?
20%- loyalist
40%- neutralist
40%- patriots
What are advantages of the British?
Strongest navy in the world
Well trained soldiers
Great wealth
Large population
What are advantages of the Americans?
Soldiers motivated by desire to gain freedom
Fighting was on own ground
Led by George Washington
What are disadvantages of the British?
Soldiers not motivated by personal reasons
Had to ship soldiers and supplies from far away
What are disadvantages of the Americans?
Weak navy
Lack of fighting experience
Small population
Shortage of weapons and supplies
Some colonists remained loyal to Britain
What was the result of the battles of Lexington and Concord?
8 minutemen killed in Lexington. Concord, British took heavy losses: 73 killed 174 wounded
What we’re the results of the battle of Saratoga?
American army surrounds Burgoyne and his forces in New York. British forced to surrender. Turning point of war, convinces France to join the Americans.
What we’re the results of the Battle of Yorktown
With help from the French the Americans trap Cornwallis and his men at Yorktown, Virginia, and cut off supplies and communication. This victory for the Americans convinced the British they could not win the war.
What we’re the British terms at the end of the war?
Britain recognizes the United States as an independent nation
They promise to withdraw all their troops from American territory
They grant fishing rights off the coast of Canada.
What we’re the American terms at the end of the war?
The United States promises that Americans will pay off their debts to British merchants
New states will return property taken from loyalists (stolen)
What year was the treaty of Paris?
1783
