Chapter 5 - A modern, thriving society Flashcards
1
Q
The UK today
The impact of immigration
A
10% of the population will have a parent or grandparent born outside the UK
2
Q
The Nations of the UK
A
The UK is located in the North West of Europe.
The longest distance on the mainland is from John O’Groats on the north coast of Scotland to Land’s End in the south-west corner of England. It is about 870 miles (1,400 km).
Most people live in towns and cities, but most is countryside, where people go on holiday, for walks, etc.
3
Q
Cities of the UK
England
A
London Birmingham Liverpool Leeds Sheffield Bristol Manchester Bradford Newcastle upon Tyne Plymouth Southampton Norwich
4
Q
Cities if the UK
Wales
A
Cardiff
Swansea
Newport
5
Q
Cities of the UK
Northern Ireland
A
Belfast
6
Q
Cities of the UK
Scotland
A
Edinburgh
Glasgow
Dundee
Aberdeen
7
Q
Capital Cities of the UK
A
Capital of the UK: London
Scotland: Edinburgh
Wales: Cardiff
Northern Ireland: Belfast
8
Q
UK Currency
A
Pound Sterling, symbol £
There are 100 pence to 1 pound.
Coins: 1p, 2p, 5p, 20p, 50p, £1, £2
Notes: £5, £10, £20, £50
Northern Ireland and Scotland have their own banknotes, which are valid everywhere in the UK, but shops and business don’t have to accept them.
9
Q
Languages an Dialects
A
The English language has many accents and dialects.
In Wales, many people speak Welsh, which is very different from English and is taught in schools and universities,
In Scotland, many speak Gaelic, which is also very different from English. It is spoken in many parts of the Highlands and Islands.
In Northern Ireland some people speak Irish Gaelic,
10
Q
Population per year
A
1600 - just over 4 million 1700 - 5 million 1801 - 8 million 1851 - 20 million 1901 - 40 million 1951 - 50 million 1998 - 57 million 2005 - just under 60 million 2010 - just over 62 million 2017 - just over 66 million
11
Q
Population growth
A
The population growth in the UK over the years has to do with migration and longer life expectancy
12
Q
Population split
A
Population is very unequally distributed over the UK.
England 84%
Scotland 8%
Wales 5%
Northern Ireland 3%
13
Q
An ageing population
A
Improved living standards and better healthcare, people are living longer than ever before.
There is a record number of people over 85 and over.
This has an impact in the cost of pensions and healthcare.
14
Q
Ethnic Diversity
A
The UK population is very diverse and it’s changing rapidly, especially in large cities like London.
There are people in the UK from all over the world.
Surveys show the most chosen ethnicity is white (European, Australian, Canadian, New Zealand and America).
Other significant groups are Asian, black and mixed descent.
15
Q
An Equal Society
A
The UK doesn’t allow discrimination because of someone’s gender or because they are or are not married.
They have equal rights to work, own property, marry and divorce. Both parents are responsible for children.
Women are about half of the workforce of Britain.
On average girls have better grades than boys and there are more women than men at university.
16
Q
Religion
A
The UK is historically a Christian country.
In the 2011 Census, 59% of the people identified as Christian.
4.8% identified as Muslim
1.5% identified as Hindu
0.8% identified as Sikh
less than 0.5% identified as either Buddhist or Jewish
There are different religious buildings all over the UK: Islamic mosques, Hindu Temples, Jewish Synagogues, Sikh gurdwaras and Buddhist Temples.
In the 2011 Census, 25% of people said they had no religion.
17
Q
Religion in England - The Church of England
A
There is a constitutional link between Church and state..
The Church if England is the official church of the state.
Called Anglican Church in other countries and the Episcopal Church in Scotland and the USA.
It is a Protestant Church which exists since the Reformation in the 1530s.
The monarch is the head of the Church of England; and the spiritual leader is the Archbishop of Canterbury.
The monarch has the right to choose the Archbishop and other senior church officials, but the choice is usually made by the PM and a committee appointed by the Church.
Several Church if England Bishops sit in the House of Lords.
18
Q
Religion in Scotland - National Church of Scotland
A
The National Church is the Church of Scotland, which is Presbyterian.
It is governed by Ministers and Elders.
The Chairperson of the General Assembly is called the Moderator, who is appointed for 1 year only and speaks on behalf of the Church.
19
Q
Other religions in the UK
A
There is no established Church in Wales or Northern Ireland.
There are other Protestant Christian group in the UK: Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians and Quakers.
There are other denominations of Christianity, the main one is the Roman Catholic Church.
20
Q
Patron Saints’ Days
A
1st of March, St David’s, patron Saint of Wales
17h of March, St. Patrick, patron Saint of Northern Ireland
23rd of April, St. George, patron Saint of England
30th of November, St. Andrew, patron Saint of Scotland
Only Scotland and Northern Ireland have it as a bank holiday, thought is Scotland not all businesses close. And they hold lots of events across the country.
Though England and Wales don’t have it as a bank holiday, there are celebrations, such as parades and small festivals.
21
Q
Customs and Traditions
The main Christian Festivals - Christmas Day
A
Christmas Day: meal usually includes roast turkey, Christmas pudding and Mince pies.
22
Q
Customs and Traditions
The main Christian Festivals - Boxing Day
A
The day after Christmas, which is also a bank holiday.
23
Q
Customs and Traditions
The main Christian Festivals - Easter
A
Takes place in March or April. It marks the death of Jesus Christ on Good Friday and his rising from the dead on Easter Sunday. Both Good Friday and the following Monday are bank holidays.
24
Q
Customs and Traditions
The main Christian Festivals - Lent
A
The 40 days before Easter, and it is a time when Christians take time to reflect and prepare from Easter.
People would fast over this period, nowadays people give up something, like a favourite food.
Shrove Tuesday or Pancake Day: the day before Lent starts. People eat Pancakes, as an indulgence before fasting.
The Lent begins on Ash Wednesday. There are church services where Christians are marked with an ash cross on their forehead, as a symbol of death and sorrow for sin.
Easter Eggs represent the symbol of new life.
25
Other Religious Festivals
Diwali
It falls in October or November and lasts for 5 days, often called the Festival of Lights.
It is celebrated by Hindus and Sikhs.
It celebrates the victory of good over evil and the gaining of knowledge.
There is a famous celebration of Diwali in Leicester.
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Other Religious Festivals
Hannukah
In November or December and it's celebrated for 8 days.
It is to remember the Jews' struggle for religious freedom.
A candle is lit for every day of the festival on a stand of 8 candles called the 'menorah'. This relates to the story where oil that should have lasted only 1 day, did so for 8.
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Other Religious Festivals
Eid al-Fitr
Celebrates the end of Ramadan, when Muslims have fasted for a month.
They thank Allah for giving them the strength to complete the fast.
The date it takes places changes every year. Muslims attend special services and meals.
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Other Religious Festivals
Eid ul Adha
remembers that prophet Ibrahim was willing to sacrifice his son when God ordered him to.
It remembers Muslims' commitment to God.
Many Muslims sacrifice an animal to eat during the Festival. In Britain this has to be done in a Slaughterhouse.
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Other Religious Festivals
Vaisakhi
Also spelt Baisakhi
Is a Sikh festival that celebrates the founding of the Sikh community known as Khalsa. It is celebrated on the 14th of April every year with parades, dancing and singing.
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Other Festivals and Traditions
New Year
1st of January, and it's a public holiday. In Scotland, it;s called Hogmanay and the 2nd of January is also a bank holiday. For some Scottish people this is bigger than Christmas.
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Other Festivals and Traditions
Valentine's Day
14th of February, lovers exchange cards and gifts. Some people send anonymous cards to someone they secretly admire.
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Other Festivals and Traditions
April Fool's Day
1st of April, people play jokes on each other until midday. TV and newspapers often have stories tjay are April Fools' jokes.
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Other Festivals and Traditions
Mothering Day or Mother's Day
Sunday 3 weeks before Easter. Children buy cards and gifts for their mothers.
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Other Festivals and Traditions
Father's Day
The third Sunday in June. Children buy cards and gifts for their fathers.
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Other Festivals and Traditions
Halloween
31st of October, is an ancient festival which has roots in the pagan festival to mark the beginning of Winter.
People usually dress in scary costumes, and the younger ones play 'trick or treat'.
People also carve lantern pumpkins and put a lantern inside.
36
Other Festivals and Traditions
Bonfire Night
5th of November, people in Britain set fireworks at home or in special displays.
In 1605, a group of Catholics led by Guy Fawkes, failed in their plan to kill the Protestant king with a bomb in the House of Parliament.
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Other Festivals and Traditions
Remembrance Day
11th of November, commemorates those who died fighting for the UK and its allies.
It originally commemorated the dead of the 1st WW, which ended on the 11th of November 1918.
People were poppies, as it was the flower that was found in the battlefields of the 1st World War.
At 11am there is a 2 minute silence and wreaths are laid on the Cenotaph in Whitehall, London
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Bank Holidays
These are days where banks and businesses are closed for the day. They are of no religious significance.
They are the beginning of May, late May/or early June, and August.
In Northern Ireland, the anniversary of the Battle of Boyne is also celebrated and is a bank holiday.
39
Sport
Major Stadiums in the UK
Wembley Stadium in London and Principality Stadium in Cardiff.
40
Sport
Local Governments
Local governments and private companies provide sports facilities such as swimming pools, tennis courts, football pitches, dry ski slopes and gymnasiums.
41
Sports which originated in the UK
Cricket, football, lawn tennis, gold and rugby.
42
The Olympic Games in the UK
1908
1948
2012 - the main Olympic Site was in Stratford, East London.
The British team was very successful and finished 3rd in the medal table.
43
Paralympic Games 2012
Were also hosted in London.
The Paralympic Games have their origin in the work of Dr Sir Ludwig Guttman, a German refugee, at the Stoke Mandeville hospital in Buckinghamshire..
Dr Guttman developed new methods of treatment for people with spinal injuries and encouraged patients to take part in exercise and sport.
44
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Sir Roger Bannister (1929-2018)
First man in the world to run 1 mile under 4 minutes, in 1954.
45
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Sir Jackie Stewart (1939-)
Scottish former racing driver who won the F1 world championship 3 times.
46
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Bobby Moore (1941-93)
Captained the English football team that won the world cup in 1966.
47
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Sir Ian Botham (1955-)
Captained the English cricket team and held a number of English Test cricket records, both for batting and bowling.
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Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Jayne Torvill (1957-) and Christopher Dean (1958-)
Won gold medals for ice dancing at the Olympic Games in 1984 and 4 consecutive world championships.
49
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Sir Steve Redgrave (1962-)
won gold medals in rowing in 5 consecutive Olympic Games and is one of Britain's greatest Olympians.
50
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson (1969-)
Athlete who used wheelchair and won 16 Paralympic medals, including 11 gold medals, in races over 5 Paralympic games. She won the London Marathon 6 times and broke 30 world records.
51
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Dame Kelly Holmes (1970-)
Won 2 gold medals for running the in the 2004 Olympic Games. She holds a number of British and European Records.
52
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Dame Ellen MacArthur (1976-)
Yachtswoman, in 2004 became the fastest person to sail around the world single-handed.
53
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Sir Chris Hoy (1976-)
Scottish cyclist who won 6 gold and 1 silver Olympic medals.
He also won 11 world championship titles.
54
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
David Weir (1979-)
Paralympian in wheelchair, he won 6 gold medals in 2 Paralympic games.
He also won the London Marathon 6 times.
55
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Sir Bradley Wiggins (1980-)
Cyclist.
First British person to win the Tour de France in 2012.
Won 8 Olympic medals: gold in 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games,
56
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Sir Mo Farrah (1983-)
British distance runner, born in Somalia.
Won medals in 2012 and 2016 Olympics for the 5,000 and 10,000 meters.
First Briton to won the Olympic gold medal in 10,000 meters.
57
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Dame Jessica Ennis-Hill (1986-)
Athlete.
Won 2012 Olympic gold medal in the heptathlon and silver in the 2016 Olympic Games. It includes 7 track and field events.
She also holds a number of British athletics records.
58
Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Sir Andy Murray (1987-)
Scottish tennis player who won the men's singles in the US Open.
First British man to win a singles title in a Grand Slam tournament since 1936. In the same year, he won 2 Olympic gold and silver medals.
In 2013 and 2016 he won the men's singles at Wimbledon. He also won the gold Olympic medal in 2016.
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Notable British Sportsmen and Women
Ellie Simmonds (1994-)
Paralympian, won gold medals for swimming at 2008, 2012 and 2016 Paralympics. She holds a number of gold records.
She was the youngest member of the British team in the 2008 Games.
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Cricket
Originated in England and now played in many countries.
Games can last up to 5 days, and still end in a draw,
Complex rules are said to resemble the best of British character and sense of fair play.
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Cricket expressions
```
'rain stopped play'
'batting on a sticky wicket'
'playing a straight bat'
'bowled a googly'
it's just not cricket'
```
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Cricket
| The Ashes
Series of test matches played between England and Australia.
63
Football
UK's most popular sport.
First professional clubs were formed in the late 19th century.
England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have separate leagues.
The Premier League is one of the most famous ones in the world, and many of the best players in the world play for the Premier League.
Many UK teams play in competitions such as UEFA (Union of European Football Association), Champions League, against other teams in Europe.
Each UK country has its national team which compete with others internationally in tournaments such as FIFA, the World Cup and the UEFA Championships.
England won only in 1966, when it hosted the World Cup.
64
Rugby
Originated in England in the early 19th century.
There are different rules: union and league.
Each one has its leagues and national teams.
6 Nations is the most famous competition: England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, France and Italy.
The Super League is the most well-known rugby league (club) competition.
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Horse Racing
They are traced back in the UK from Roman times. It is associated with royalty.
Horse-racing events: Royal Ascot (5 day race meeting in Berkshire, attended by the Royal family; Grand National at Aintree, near Liverpool; Scottish Grand National at Ayr.
There is a National Horseracing Museum in Newmarket, Suffolk.
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Golf
Traced back to the 15th century in Scotland.
There are public and private golf courses all over the UK..
St. Andrews in Scotland is known as the home of golf..
Open Championship is the only 'major' tournament held outside the United States. It is hosted by a different golf course every year.
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Tennis
Evolved in England in the late 19th century.
First tennis club was founded in Leamington Spa in 1872.
Wimbledon is the most famous tournament hosted in Britain. It takes place at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. It's the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and the only 'Grand Slam' event played on grass.
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Water Sports
Sailing is popular in the UK.
Sir Francis Chichester was the first to sail single-handed around the world, passing the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn (South America) in 1966/67.
Sir Robert Knox-Johnston became the first person to do the same without stopping, 2 years later.
There are many sailing events all over the UK, the most famous is at Cowes in the Isle of Wight.
Rowing is also popular, both as leisure and competitive sport. There is a popular yearly race on the Thames between Oxford and Cambridge Universities.
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Skiing
Many people travel to go skiing abroad, but there are dry ski slopes throughout the UK.
There are 5 ski centres in Scotland, as well as Europe's longest dry ski slope near Edinburgh.
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Arts and Culture
Music -The Proms
Eight-week summer season of orchestral classical music. It takes place is various venues, including the Royal Albert Hall in London.
Organised by the BBC since 1927.
The last night is the most well-known concert and it's broadcast on television.
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Arts and Culture
Music - Henry Purcell (1659-95)
Was organist at the Westminster Abbey. Wrote church music, operas and other pieces.
He developed a different style distinct to the one in the rest of Europe.
He continues influencing British composers.
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Arts and Culture
Music - George Frederick Handel (1685-1759)
German born, he became a British citizen in 1727 after living in the UK for many years,
Wrote Water Music for King George I and Music for the Royal Fireworks for his son George II.
Both pieces are still very popular.
He also wrote Messiah, an oratorio which is still regularly sang by choirs, often in Easter time.
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Arts and Culture
Music - Gustav Holst (1685-1759)
Works include The Planets, pieces named around the planets in the solar system.
He adapted the piece Jupiter, as the tune for I Vow to Thee my Country, a popular hymn in British chuches.
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Arts and Culture
Music - Sir Edward Elgar (1857-1934)
born in Worcester.
Best known for his Pomp and Circumstance Marches.
March No. 1 (Land of Hope and Glory) is usually played at the Last Night of the Proms at the Royal Albert Hall.
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Arts and Culture
Music - Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958)
Wrote music for orchestras and choirs.
Influenced traditional English folk music.
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Arts and Culture
Music - Sir William Walton (1902-83)
Wrote film scores, operas, he also wrote the marches for the coronations of King George VI and Queen Elisabeth II.
Most famous work are: Façade (a ballet); Belshazzar's Feast (intended to be sang by a large choir).
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Arts and Culture
Music - Benjamin Britten (1913-76)
Best known for his operas: Peter Grimes and Billy Budd.
He also wrote A Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, based on a piece of music by Purcell, and introduces the listener to the various different sections of an orchestra..
Founded the Aldeburgh festival in Suffolk, which is still a popular event of international importance.
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Arts and Culture
Music - UK influence in the world.
British music in the 60s influenced the world a lot, specially with bands like The Beatles and The Rolling Stones.
Then in the 70s there was the Punk movement.
In the 90s there were boy and girl bands.
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Arts and Culture
Music - Venues
Wembley Stadium; the O2 in Greenwich; the SEC Centre in Glasgow.
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Arts and Culture
Music - Festivals
Glastonbury, the Isle of Wight and Creamfields
The National Eisteddfod of Wales in an annual cultural festival, which includes music, dance, art and original performances for Welsh poetry.
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Arts and Culture
Music - Prizes
Mercury Prize - awarded each September for the best album in UK and Ireland.
British Awards - an annual event, which gives awards for a range of categories.
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Arts and Culture
Theatre - Theatreland
London's West End is also known as "Theatreland"
The Mousetrap, a murder-mystery play, by Agatha Christie, has been running in the West End since 1952 and has the longest initial run of any show in history.
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Arts and Culture
Theatre - Musical Theatre
Of great tradition in the UK since the 19th century.
Gilbert and Sullivan wrote comic operas, often making fun of popular culture and politics: HMS Pinafore, the Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado.
Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote music for popular shows: Jesus Christ Superstar, Evita, Cats and the Phantom of the Opera.
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Arts and Culture
Theatre - Pantomime
It's a British tradition. Many theatres produce one for Christmas time. They are light-hearted plays with music and comedy.
The Dame is a traditional character, a woman played by a man.
There is often a pantomime horse or cow played by two actors in the same costume.
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Arts and Culture
Theatre - Edinburgh Festival
Festival of different arts and cultural festivals, with the biggest and most well-known being the Edinburgh Festival Fringe ("The Fringe"), which is mainly theatre and comedy performances. Often experimental work.
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Arts and Culture
Theatre - Laurence Olivier Awards
Take place annually at different venues in London.
There are a variety of categories.
These awards are named after Sir Laurence Olivier, who was famous for his roles in Shakespeare plays.
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Arts and Culture
Art - Middle Ages
The theme was mostly religious, particularly wall paintings in churches and illustrations in religious books, Most was lost after the Protestant Reformation.
Many painters in Britain in the 16th and 17th centuries were from abroad: Hans Holbein, Sir Anthony van Dyck.
From the 18th century, British artists became well known for their portraits and landscapes.
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Arts and Culture
Art - Galleries
The National Gallery, Tate Britain and Tate Modern in London.
The National Museum in Cardiff.
Scottish National Gallery in Edinburgh.
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Arts and Culture
Art - The Turner Prize
Established in 1984 and celebrates contemporary art.
Named after Joseph Turner.
4 works are shortlisted every year and shown at Tate Britain before the winner is announced.
It is the most prestigious visual arts award.
Damien Hirst and Richard Wright were winners.
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Notable British Artists
Thomas Gainsborough (1727-88)
Portrait painter.
Often painted people in country or garden scenery.
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Notable British Artists
David Allan (1744-96)
Scottish painter, best known for portraits.
The Origin of Painting is one of his most famous works.
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Notable British Artists
Joseph Turner (1775-1851)
Influential landscape painter in a modern style.
Considered to be the painter who raised the profile of landscape painting.
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Notable British Artists
John Constable (1776-1837)
landscape painter, most famous for his works of Dedham Vale on the Suffolk-Essex border in the east of England.
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Notable British Artists
The Pre-Raphaelites (second half of 19th century)
Painted detailed pictures on religious or literary themes in bright colours.
Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Sir John Millais.
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Notable British Artists
Sir John Lavery (1856-1941)
Northern Irish portrait painter.
He painted the Royal Family.
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Notable British Artists
Henry Moore (1898-1986)
English sculptor and artist.
Best known for his large bronze abstract sculptures.
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Notable British Artists
John Petts (1914-91)
Welsh artist, best known for his engravings and stained glass.
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Notable British Artists
Lucian Freud (1922-2011)
German born British. Best known for his portraits.
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Notable British Artists
David Hockney (1937-)
Contributed to 'pop art' movement of the 60s and is still influential today.
100
Architecture
Middle Ages
Great cathedrals and churches, many still standing today: Durham, Lincoln, Canterbury and Salisbury.
The White Tower in the Tower of London is an example of a Norman castle, built by the orders of William the Conqueror.
With peace, country houses became richer, and the houses of the healthy more elaborate and great country houses such as Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire were built. And then British architecture began to evolve.
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Architecture
17th Century - Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren
He took inspiration from Classical Culture to design the Queen's House in Greenwich and the Banqueting House in Whitehall in London.
Later in the Century, Sir Christopher Wren helped develop a British version of the ornate styles in Europe in buildings such as the new St. Paul's Cathedral.
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Architecture
18th Century - Robert Adam
Simpler designs became popular.
Scottish Robert Adam influenced the development of architecture in the UK, Europe and America.
He designed the inside decoration as well as the building itself in great houses such as Dumfries House in Scotland.
He influenced architects in cities such as Bath, where the Royal Crescent was built.
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Architecture
19th Century - 'medieval gothic style'
Cities expanded and more great public buildings were built in this style.
The Houses of Parliament and St. Pancras Station were built; and the town halls in cities cities such as Manchester and Sheffield.
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Architecture
20th Century - Sir Edwin Lutyens
He influenced the British Empire.
He designed New Delhi to be the seat of government in India.
After the WW1, he was responsible for many war memorials, including the Cenotaph in Whitehall. It is the site of the annual Remembrance Day service attended by the Queen, politicians and foreign embassadors.
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Architecture
Modern British architects
Firms if modern British architects continue working n major projects in the UK and in the world.
Sir Norman Foster (1935-)
Lord (Richard) Rogers (1933-)
Dame Zaha Hadid (1950-2016)
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Garden design and landscaping
In the 18th century, Lancelot 'Capability' Brown designed the grounds around the country houses so that the landscape appeared to be natural with grass, trees and lakes.
Later, Gertrude Jekyll often worked with Edwin Lutyens to design colourful gardens around the houses he designed.
The annual Chelsea Flower Show showcases garden designs from Britain and around the world.
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Fashion and Design
The UK has great designers, Thomas Chippendale, who designed furniture in the century.
Clarice Cliff, who designed Art Deco ceramics.
Sir Terence Conran, a 20th century interior designer.
Fashion designers: Mary Quant, Alexander McQueen and Vivienne Westwood.
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Literature
Nobel Prize for Literature
Sir William Golding
Seamus Heaney
Harold Pinter
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Literature
Popular Fiction
Agatha Christie
Ian Fleming's James Bond
In 2003, Lord of the Rings by JRR Tolkien was voted the country's best loved novel.
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Literature
The Man Booker Prize for Fiction
It is awarded to the best novel written by an author of the Commonwealth, Ireland or Zimbabwe.
It has been awarded since 1968.
Past winner: Ian McEwan, Hilary Mantel and Julian Barnes.
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Notable authors and writers
Jane Austen (1775-1817)
Her books were concerned with marriage and family relationships,
Many have been made into films and series.
Pride and Prejudice
Sense and Sensibility
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Notable authors and writers
Charles Dickens (1812-70)
Oliver Twist
Great Expectations
There are references in everyday talk about his characters: Scrooge (a mean person) or Mr Micawber (always hopeful)
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Notable authors and writers
Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-94)
Wrote books that are still read by adults and children today.
Treasure Island
Kidnapped
Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
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Notable authors and writers
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)
Author and poet, who wrote stories with focus on rural society.
Far from the Madding Crowd
Jude the Obscure
115
Notable authors and writers
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930)
Scottish doctor and writer.
Best known for his Sherlock Holmes stories, one of the first fictional detectives.
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Notable authors and writers
Evelyn Waugh (1903-66)
Wrote satirical novels: Decline and Fall; Scoop
Best known for Brideshead Revisited
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Notable authors and writers
Sir Kingsley Amis (1922-95)
English novelist and poet. He wrote over 20 novels.
Lucky Jim is the most famous one.
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Notable authors and writers
Graham Greene (1904-91)
His novels were influenced by his religious beliefs.
The Heart of the Matter
The Honorary Consul
Brighton Rock
Our Man in Havana
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Notable authors and writers
J K Rowling (1965-)
Harry Potter series for children.
| She now writes fiction for adults as well.
120
British Poets
Middle Ages
Beowulf tells the story of its hero's battles against monsters. It is translated to modern English.
Canterbury Tales a poem by Chaucer and Sir Gawain and the Green Night (about the knights at the court of King Arthur) are also from the Middle Ages,
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British Poets
Shakespeare and John Milton
He also wrote many sonnets (which are 14 lines long).
With the spread of Protestant ideas a number of poets got inspired by their religious views. One of them was John Milton, who wrote Paradise Lost.
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British Poets
Poets inspired by nature
William Wordsworth; as well as sir Walter Scott, who wrote poems inspired by Scotland and the traditional songs and stories of the area on the borders of Scotland and England. He also wrote novels, and many were set in Scotland.
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British Poets
19th Century
William Blake, John Keats, Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, Alfred Lord Tennyson, and Robert and Elizabeth Browning.
Later: William Owen, Siegfried Sassoon wrote about their experiences in the 1st World War.
More recently popular poets: Sir Walter de la Mare, John Masefield, Sir John Betjeman and Ted Hughes.
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British Poets
Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey
Some of the best known poets are buried and commemorated there.
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British Poets
Famous lines
'Oh to be in England now that April's here
And whoever wakes in England sees, some morning, unaware,
That the lowest boughs and the brushwood sheaf
Round the elm-tree bole are in tiny leaf...'
Robert Browning 1812-89 - Home Thoughts from Abroad
'She walks in beauty, like the night
Of Cloudless climes and starry skies;'
Lord Byron, 1788-1824 - She Walks in Beauty
'I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on the high o'er vales and hills
When all at once I saw a crow...'
William Wordsworth, 1770-1850 The Daffodils
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'Tyger! Tyger! Burning bright
in the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?'
William Blake, 1757-1827 The Tyger
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'What passing-bells for these who die as cattle>
Only the monstrous anger of guns.'
Wilfred Owen, 1893-1818 Anthem for Doomed Youth
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Leisure
Gardening - Allotments
Additional land where people grow fruit and vegetables.
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Leisure
Gardening - Famous Gardens
In England:
Kew Gardens
Sissinghurst
Hidcote
In Scotland:
Crathes Castle
Inveraray Castle
In Wales:
Bodnant Garden
In Northern Ireland:
Mount Stewart
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Leisure
Gardening - Flowers associated with with UK countries and worn at national Saints days
England: Rose
Scotland: Thistle
Wales: Daffodil
Northern Ireland: Shamrock
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Shopping
Town centre - most towns and cities have it and it's where the main shopping area will be
Shopping centres: some in the town centre, some on the outskirts.
Most shops trade 7 days a week, but may have reduced hours on Sundays and public holidays.
Many towns have markets on one or ore days a week, where stallholders sell a variety of goods.
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Cooking and Food
Traditional Foods - England
Roast beef, served with potatoes, vegetables, Yorkshire puddings (batter baked in the oven) and other accompaniments.
Fish and chips.
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Cooking and Food
Traditional Foods - Wales
Welsh cakes, a traditional Welsh snack made from flour, dried fruits and spices, served hot or cold.
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Cooking and Food
Traditional Foods - Scotland
Haggis, sheep's stomach stuffed with offal, suet, onions and oatmeal
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Cooking and Food
Traditional Foods - Northern Ireland
Ulster Fry, fried meal with bacon, eggs, sausages, black pudding, white pudding, tomatoes, mushrooms, soda bread and potato bread.
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Films
British Film Industry
Films were first shown publicly in 1896, and gthey became popular very quickly.
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Films
British Film Industry - British actors who have worked both in the UK and the USA
Charles (Charlie) Chaplin became famous in silent films for his tramp character and was on of the many British actors to make a career in Hollywood.
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Films
British Film Industry - The 30s
Eminent directors
British studios flourished during this time.
Eminent directors: Sir Alexander Korda and Sir Alfred Hitchcock (he later left for Hollywood and remained an important film director until his death in 1980)
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Films
British Film Industry - During the Second World War
Films: In Which we Serve, played an important part in boosting morale)
Later Sir David Lean and Ridley Scott found great success both in the UK and internationally.
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Films
British Film Industry - The 50s and the 60s
High point for British comedies: Passport to Pimlico, The Ladykillers, and later the Carry On films
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Films
British Film Industry
Many of the films produced in the UK are made by foreign companies using British expertise.
Most famously: Harry Potter, James Bond.
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Films
British Film Industry - Ealing Studios
The oldest continuously working film studio facility in the world.
Britain continues to be strong in special effects and animation.
Wallace and Gromit, 3 of the films won Oscars, films are by Nick Park
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Films
British Film Industry - British actors
Sir Laurence Olivier, David Niven, Sir Rex Harrison and Richard Burton starred in a variety of popular films.
British actors who won Oscars: Colin Firth, Sir Anthony Hopkins, Dame Judi Dench, Kate Winslet and Tilda Swinton.
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Films
British Film Industry - the BAFTA British Academy Film Awards
Hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), they are the British equivalent of the Oscars.
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Famous British Films
The 39 Steps (1935) by Alfred Hitchcock
Brief Encounter (1945) by David Lean
The Third Man (1949) by Carol Reed
The Belles of St. Trinians (1954) by Frank Launder
Lawrence of Arabia (1962) by David Lean
Women in Love (1969) by Ken Russell
Don't Look Now (1973) by Nicolas Roeg
Chariots of Fire (1981) by Hugh Hudson
The Killing Fields (1984) by Roland Joffe
Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) by Mike Newell
Touching the Void (2003) by Kevin MacDonald
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British Comedy - Medieval Times
Comedy is a part of the British character.
Medieval kings and rich nobles had jesters and made fun of people in Court.
Later Shakespeare included comic characters in his plays.
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British Comedy - 18th Century
Political cartoons attacking prominent politicians, sometimes the monarch and other members of the Royal Family.
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British Comedy - 19th Century
| Political Cartoons
Satirical magazines began to be published.
Most famous was Punch, published for the first time in 1840.
Nowadays, political cartoons continue to be published in newspapers and magazines, such as Private Eye.
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British Comedy - British Music Hall
Very popular of variety theatre which was very common until television became the leading form of entertainment
Morecambe and Wise were music hall performers who then became television stars.
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British Comedy - Situation Comedies or Sitcoms
Often look at family life and relationships in the workplace.
That was the Week That Was (60s)
Spitting |mage (80s and 90s)
Monty Python's Flying Circus in 1969 introduced a new type of progressive comedy.
Stand-comedy also became popular in the recent years,
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Television and Radio
There are many free tv channels, others require subscription.
Popular programmes include sopa operas like Coronation Street and Eastenders.
In Scotland there are specific programmes and there is a channel with programmes in the Gaelic language.
There is also a Welsh-language channel in Wales; and there are programmes specific to Northern Ireland and some programmes in Irish Gaelic.
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Television and Radio - TV License
Everyone in the UK with a tv, computer or any other medium which can be used to watching TV must have it.
It covers wall the equipment in the house, except if there are different people renting rooms or a shared house where each tenant has a separate tenancy agreement.
People over 75 can apply for a free tv license and blind people can get a 50% discount.
There is a fine up to £1,000 if you have a tv, but no tv license.
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Television and Radio - BBC
The money from tv license is used to pay the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), which is a public service providing television and radio programmes.
It is the largest broadcaster in the world.
It receives some state funding, it is independent of the government.
Other tv channels are primarily funded by advertising and subscriptions.
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Television and Radio - radio stations
There are national and regional ones.
Some of the regional ones broadcast in regional languages such as Welsh or Gaelic.
BBC radio stations are also funded by tv licenses and other radio stations are funded by advertisements.
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Pubs and Nightclubs
Pubs are an important part of the UK social culture.
Most communities will have a 'local' pub, which will be the focal point of social activities.
Pub quizzes are popular. Pool and darts are traditional pub games.
They are usually open during the day from 11am (noon on Sundays).
Night clubs with dancing and music usually open and close later than pubs. Their license will decide the hours the pub or night club is open.
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Pubs and nightclubs - alcohol
To buy alcohol in a pub you must be 18 or over, but people under that may be allowed in some pubs with an adult.
People can drink wine or beer with a meal in a hotel or restaurant when they are 16, as long as they are with someone over 18.
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Betting and gambling
You must be over 18 to be allowed in a shop or gambling club.
National Lottery does draws every week.
You enter by buying a ticket or scratch card, people under 16 aren't allowed to take part.
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Pets
It's against the law to treat a pet cruelly or neglect it.
Dogs must wear collars in public places, showing name and address of the owner.
The owner must keep the dog under control and clean after them in a public place.
There are charities which help people who cannot afford to pay for a vet.
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Places of interest - National Parks
Public footpaths in the countryside.
Mountain biking places, mountaineering and hill walking.
There are 15 National Parks in England, Wales and Scotland. They protected areas of countryside throughout the UK that anyone can visit, and where people live, work and look after the landscape.
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Places of interest - Museums
They range from small community museums to large national civic collections.
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Places of interest - National Trust
Many parts of the countryside and places of interest are kept open by the National Trust In England, Wales and Northern Ireland and the National Trust for Scotland.
Both these charities work to preserve important buildings. coastline and countryside in the UK.
The National Trusted was founded in 1895 by 3 volunteers. There are now over 61,000 volunteers.
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UK Landmarks - Big Ben
Nickname of the great bell of the clock at the Houses of Parliament in London. Many people call it to the clock as well.
The clock is over 150 years old and is a popular tourist attraction.
The tower is called 'Elisabeth Tower' in honour of Queen Elisabeth II's diamond Jubilee in 2012.
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UK Landmarks - The Eden Project
It's in Cornwall, in the south west of England.
The biomes (giant greenhouses) house plants from all over the world.
The Eden Project is a charity that runs environmental and social projects internationally.
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UK Landmarks - Edinburgh Castle
It is a dominant feature in the skyline of Edinburgh.
Its story goes back to the Middle Ages.
It's looked after Historic Scotland, a Scottish Government Agency
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UK Landmarks - The Giant's Causeway
Located in the north-west coast of Northern Ireland.
It is a land formation of columns made from volcanic lava, It was formed about 50 million years ago.
There are many legends about it and how it was formed.
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UK Landmarks - Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
It's a national park that covers 720 square miles (1,865 square kilometres) in the west of Scotland.
Loch Lomond is the largest expanse of fresh water in mainland Britain and probably the best-known part of the park.
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UK Landmarks - The London Eye
In the southern bank of the River Thames and is a Ferris Wheel that is 443 feet (135 metres) tall.
It was built as part of the UK's celebration of the new millennium and continues to be an important part of the New Year celebrations.
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UK Landmarks - Snowdonia
National Park in North Wales.
Covers 838 square miles (2,170 square miles).
The most well-known landmark is Snowdon, which is the highest mountain in Wales.
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UK Landmarks - The Tower of London
Built by William the Conqueror after he became king in 1066.
The Yeoman Warders give tours, they are also known as Beefeaters, who tell visitors about the building's history.
The Crown Jewels are there.
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UK Landmarks - The Lake District
England's largest national park.
Covers 885 square miles (2.292 square kilometres).
Famous for its lakes and mountains. It is very popular with climbers, walkers and sailors.
Windermere is the biggest stretch of water.
In 2007, television viewers voted Wastwater as Britain's favourite view.
