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Meteorology Exam 2 (CH 4, 5, and 6) > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

As you go up in elevation, what happens to temperature, air pressure and density

A

Temperature decreases as it goes away from earth

Air pressure decline and air will thin causing density to decrease

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2
Q

Air pressure is

A

The weight of overlying air acting in an area

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3
Q

Air pressure does 3 things

A

Acts in all directions

Will not collapse under weight

Air will push up at same pressure as it does down

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4
Q

Daltons law

A

Total pressure exerted by mixture of gases equals the sum of pressures produced by each constituent gas

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5
Q

Air pressure will

A

Decline with altitude

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6
Q

Why will air pressure decline with altitude

A

Because as you go up there is less air above you so there is less weight pushing on you, declining pressure

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7
Q

Surface area differs from____and variations are not always due to

A

One place to another. Differences in elevation of the land

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8
Q

What impacts air pressure and what has a larger influence

A

Temperature and density impacts air pressure with temperature having a bigger impact

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9
Q

When temperatures rise, what happens to kinetic energy and pressure

A

Kinetic energy will increase and pressure will decrease

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10
Q

Heated air is less

A

Dense and lighter and exerts less pressure on earth

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11
Q

Greater density of cold air vs warm at the same pressure will affect

A

The rate where air pressure drops with increasing altitude

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12
Q

Air pressure will drop more rapidly in altitudes with and why does this happen

A

Cold air because it is denser and has less kinetic energy

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13
Q

500 mb surfaces represent where

A

Half of atmosphere is above and half below by mass

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14
Q

Isobaric surfaces are

A

Surfaces of constant pressure

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15
Q

Isobaric surfaces will slope downward from

A

Relatively warm tropics to relatively cold high latitude

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16
Q

As humidity of air increases

A

Air density will decrease so there is less pressure

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17
Q

Why does water vapor reduce the density of air

A

Bc molecular weight of water is less than the average molecular weight of dry air

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18
Q

Cold dry air masses are what and produce what

A

Densest and produce highest surface pressures

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19
Q

Warm humid air masses are what and produce what

A

Less dense and produce lowest surface pressures

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20
Q

What can influence surface air pressure

A

Local conditions and air mass advection

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21
Q

A change in air pressure will occur with

A

Warm and cold air advection

22
Q

What is convergence and divergence and what does it impact

A

They are wind patterns that are produced by a circular pattern where horizontal wind blow toward (converge) or away (diverge) from a location. They impact air pressure

23
Q

Converging winds

A

Blow toward a column of air

24
Q

Diverging winds

A

Blow away from a column of air

25
Q

If more air diverges at a surface than converges

A

Air density and surface air pressure will decrease, forming a cyclone

26
Q

If more air converges at a surface than diverges

A

Air density and surface pressure increase, forming an anti-cyclone

27
Q

Air will diverge and converge from

A

Diverge from H and converge from L

28
Q

Charles law states

A

When pressure is constant, absolute temp in kelvin’s is inversely proportional to density

29
Q

Boyle’s law states

A

When temp is constant, air pressure is directly proportional to density

30
Q

When pressure on a gas increases, what happens to density and volume

A

Density is directly proportional to pressure if temp is constant so it will increase but volume will decrease

31
Q

Ideal gas law is

A

Combination of both Charles and Boyle’s law, where pressure is directly proportional to the product of density and temperature

32
Q

At a fixed density, temperature and pressure are

A

Directly proportional

33
Q

At a fixed temp pressure and density are

A

Directly proportional

34
Q

At fixed pressure, temperature and density are

A

Inversely proportional

35
Q

In the atmosphere, temperature, pressure and density can

A

Change simultaneously

36
Q

Example of how temp pressure and density can change simultaneously in the atmosphere

A

When air temp rises, air will expand, density will decrease and so does air pressure

37
Q

What happens to air density and pressure in the winter when temperatures drop

A

The air will drop and
air pressure will increase. Gas laws are satisfied bc density will increase as the temp drops since they are both inversely proportional to each other

38
Q

As an air parcel rises, what occurs

A

Expansional cooling

39
Q

What happens in expansional cooling

A

It expands, and pressure and temp both decrease

40
Q

When an air parcel descends, what occurs

A

Compressional cooling

41
Q

What happens in compressional cooling

A

It will compress and temp and pressure will increase

42
Q

Adiabatic process

A

Change in temp where no heat is exchanged between air parcel and surroundings

43
Q

What does the adiabatic process relate to

A

Expansional and compressional cooling

44
Q

Temp of an ascending or descending unsaturated air parcel changes in response to

A

Expansion and compression only

45
Q

Rate where Temperature of ascending or descending unsaturated parcel changes in response to expansion or compression only

A

Dry adiabatic rate

46
Q

What does it mean when adiabatic rate is dry

A

Dry means it is any parcel not saturated with water vapor

47
Q

Ascending unsaturated air will what and what will the sky cover be like

A

Cool at dry rate with sky’s being clear

48
Q

Ascending saturated air will what and what will the sky cover be like

A

Will cool as lesser moist rate and sky’s will be cloudy

49
Q

If moist rising air cools to point where relative humidity is 100% then

A

Air parcel is saturated and condensation and despotion will occur

50
Q

Latent heat will release due to what and what will it counter

A

Phase of water change, countering expansional cooling which will cool air at lower rate than unsaturated air

51
Q

What is released from a saturated rising parcel and when and what does it counter

A

Latent heat is releases during condensation or desposition that partially counter expansional cooling

Meteorology Exam 2 (CH 4, 5, and 6) (2 decks)

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