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Meteorology Exam 2 (CH 4, 5, and 6) > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Extreme Heat counts for how much of all weather related fatalities?

A

25%

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2
Q

Temperature varies by

A

Time and Location

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3
Q

What is Kinetic Energy?

A

The energy of motion…where all objects even at rest have some kinetic energy because all matter is composed of atoms that are in continual motion

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4
Q

Temperature is what to the average kinetic energy of atoms in a substance

A

Directly proportional

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5
Q

The more the atoms are moving,

A

The higher the temperature

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6
Q

As an objects temperature increases,

A

So does the kinetic energy

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7
Q

Heat is

A

Energy in transit

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8
Q

When two substances are brought together with different kinetic energy, energy is always

A

Transferred from warmer to colder

2nd law of thermodynamics

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9
Q

What happens when you dip a hot spoon in 1 gallon of cold soup

A

The heat will transfer from the hot spoon into the cold soup, the cold soup having more internal energy but the hot spoon being higher in temp

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10
Q

Heat must be what for water to change phase

A

Absorbed or released to the environment

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11
Q

Heat transfer is required for what of the air

A

For expansion and compression

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12
Q

When air gains or loses heat, the heat may be involved in change of

A

Temperature, phase and or volume

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13
Q

What is absolute zero

A

Theoretical temperature at which all molecular motion ceases

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14
Q

At absolute zero, temperature does not

A

Emit electromagnetic radiation

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15
Q

Temperature at absolute zero has both

A

Electric and magnetic properties

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16
Q

3 Absolute zero Temps (C, F, K)

A 
F= -459.67 F
C= -273.15
K= 0 K
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17
Q

What do temperature scales measure

A

Degrees of hotness or coldness

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18
Q

Melting point, boiling point in Celsius

A 
Melting= 0 C
Boiling= 100 C
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19
Q

Melting and Boiling point in Fahrenheit

A 
Melting= 32F
Boiling = 212F
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20
Q

Melting and boiling point in Kelvin

A 
Melting= 273.15
Boiling= 373.15
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21
Q

Why is there no negatives on Kelvin scale

A

Because absolute zero in Kelvin is already 0, so you can’t go below it

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22
Q

What is temperature gradient

A

Change in temp over distance

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23
Q

What causes a temperature gradient

A

Imbalances in rates of radiation heating and cooling within earth atmosphere

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24
Q

Heat transferred from an object reduces what

A

It’s internal energy

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25
Q

Heat absorbed by an object

A

Increases its internal energy

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26
Q

Kinetic energy will decrease with

A

Falling temperatures

27
Q

On the Kelvin scale, temperature is the number of kelvins

A

Above absolute zero

28
Q

Heating degrees are computed for

A

Days when average daily outdoor air temp is less than 65F

29
Q

Example: what is heating degrees of 35F

A

35 is less than 65 so we subtract 35 from 65 which would be 30 heating degree-day units

30
Q

Heat energy is more commonly measured in

A

Calories

31
Q

How many calories are needed for heat to raise temps of 1 gram of water 1 degrees Celsius

A

1 Calorie

32
Q

Heat flows in response to temperature gradient bc

A

In the 2nd law of thermodynamics, all systems tend toward a state of disorder, decreasing the gradient

33
Q

What does the 2nd law predict of an existing gradient

A

Where one exists, heat is transferred to eliminate it

34
Q

The greater the temp difference in the gradient, the

A

More rapid the rate of heat transfer

35
Q

In the atmosphere, heat is transferred via

A

Radiation

Convection and conduction

36
Q

Radiation is both a

A

Form of energy and means of energy transfer

37
Q

Unlike conduction and convection, radiation does not

A

Require intervening physical medium because it can travel through a vacuum

38
Q

Radiation is the principal what

A

Way the earth’s atmosphere gain energy from the sun and where heat escapes from planet to space

39
Q

The release of heat from the earth makes it

A

More habitable.

40
Q

What is absorption of radiation

A

The conversion of electromagnetic energy to heat

41
Q

if an object absorbs radiation at a greater rate than it emits radiation, the temperature will rise. This is called

A

Radiational heating

42
Q

If an object emits radiation at a greater rate than it absorbs radiation, the temperature will fall. This is called

A

Radiational cooling

43
Q

Conduction is

A

The transfer of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules via collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules

44
Q

Heat conductivity

A

The ratio of the rate of heat transfer across an area to the temperature gradient

45
Q

Convection is

A

The transport of heat within a fluid via motions of fluid itself

46
Q

Sensible heating

A

Combination of convection and conduction where no phase change is required to change the temperature of a substance

47
Q

Latent heat

A

“Hidden” heat until it is released and involved in phases changes of water

48
Q

Rule of heat conductivity

A

Solids are better conductors of heat than liquids and liquids are better than gases

49
Q

Thermal inertia

A

Revisit eve to ch age in temp

50
Q

Maritime climate

A

O

51
Q

Continental climate

A

O

52
Q

O

A

O

53
Q

Latent heat of fusion

A

O

54
Q

Latent heat of vaporization

A

O

55
Q

Bowen ratio

A

O

56
Q

Poleward heat transport

A

O

57
Q

Thermohaline circulation

A

O

58
Q

Air mass advection

A

O

59
Q

Cold air advection

A

O

60
Q

Warm air advection

A

O

61
Q

Convection transports heat

A

Upward from earths surface

62
Q

What can we say when water changes from one state to another

A

A phase change occurred

63
Q

Depending on the phase change, water will

A

Absorb or release heat to the environment

Meteorology Exam 2 (CH 4, 5, and 6) (2 decks)

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