Chapter 4 Flashcards
Extreme Heat counts for how much of all weather related fatalities?
25%
Temperature varies by
Time and Location
What is Kinetic Energy?
The energy of motion…where all objects even at rest have some kinetic energy because all matter is composed of atoms that are in continual motion
Temperature is what to the average kinetic energy of atoms in a substance
Directly proportional
The more the atoms are moving,
The higher the temperature
As an objects temperature increases,
So does the kinetic energy
Heat is
Energy in transit
When two substances are brought together with different kinetic energy, energy is always
Transferred from warmer to colder
2nd law of thermodynamics
What happens when you dip a hot spoon in 1 gallon of cold soup
The heat will transfer from the hot spoon into the cold soup, the cold soup having more internal energy but the hot spoon being higher in temp
Heat must be what for water to change phase
Absorbed or released to the environment
Heat transfer is required for what of the air
For expansion and compression
When air gains or loses heat, the heat may be involved in change of
Temperature, phase and or volume
What is absolute zero
Theoretical temperature at which all molecular motion ceases
At absolute zero, temperature does not
Emit electromagnetic radiation
Temperature at absolute zero has both
Electric and magnetic properties
3 Absolute zero Temps (C, F, K)
F= -459.67 F C= -273.15 K= 0 K
What do temperature scales measure
Degrees of hotness or coldness
Melting point, boiling point in Celsius
Melting= 0 C Boiling= 100 C
Melting and Boiling point in Fahrenheit
Melting= 32F Boiling = 212F
Melting and boiling point in Kelvin
Melting= 273.15 Boiling= 373.15
Why is there no negatives on Kelvin scale
Because absolute zero in Kelvin is already 0, so you can’t go below it
What is temperature gradient
Change in temp over distance
What causes a temperature gradient
Imbalances in rates of radiation heating and cooling within earth atmosphere
Heat transferred from an object reduces what
It’s internal energy
Heat absorbed by an object
Increases its internal energy
Kinetic energy will decrease with
Falling temperatures
On the Kelvin scale, temperature is the number of kelvins
Above absolute zero
Heating degrees are computed for
Days when average daily outdoor air temp is less than 65F
Example: what is heating degrees of 35F
35 is less than 65 so we subtract 35 from 65 which would be 30 heating degree-day units
Heat energy is more commonly measured in
Calories
How many calories are needed for heat to raise temps of 1 gram of water 1 degrees Celsius
1 Calorie
Heat flows in response to temperature gradient bc
In the 2nd law of thermodynamics, all systems tend toward a state of disorder, decreasing the gradient
What does the 2nd law predict of an existing gradient
Where one exists, heat is transferred to eliminate it
The greater the temp difference in the gradient, the
More rapid the rate of heat transfer
In the atmosphere, heat is transferred via
Radiation
Convection and conduction
Radiation is both a
Form of energy and means of energy transfer
Unlike conduction and convection, radiation does not
Require intervening physical medium because it can travel through a vacuum
Radiation is the principal what
Way the earth’s atmosphere gain energy from the sun and where heat escapes from planet to space
The release of heat from the earth makes it
More habitable.
What is absorption of radiation
The conversion of electromagnetic energy to heat
if an object absorbs radiation at a greater rate than it emits radiation, the temperature will rise. This is called
Radiational heating
If an object emits radiation at a greater rate than it absorbs radiation, the temperature will fall. This is called
Radiational cooling
Conduction is
The transfer of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules via collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules
Heat conductivity
The ratio of the rate of heat transfer across an area to the temperature gradient
Convection is
The transport of heat within a fluid via motions of fluid itself
Sensible heating
Combination of convection and conduction where no phase change is required to change the temperature of a substance
Latent heat
“Hidden” heat until it is released and involved in phases changes of water
Rule of heat conductivity
Solids are better conductors of heat than liquids and liquids are better than gases
Thermal inertia
Revisit eve to ch age in temp
Maritime climate
O
Continental climate
O
O
O
Latent heat of fusion
O
Latent heat of vaporization
O
Bowen ratio
O
Poleward heat transport
O
Thermohaline circulation
O
Air mass advection
O
Cold air advection
O
Warm air advection
O
Convection transports heat
Upward from earths surface
What can we say when water changes from one state to another
A phase change occurred
Depending on the phase change, water will
Absorb or release heat to the environment
