chapter 5

Question 1

organs that produce sperm and sex hormones

Answer 1

testes

Question 2

pouch of skin containing testes. It hangs outside the body to keep the sperm cooler than normal body temperature.

Answer 2

scrotum

Question 3

sacs containing egg cells

Answer 3

follicles

Question 4

tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in one of these tubes.

Answer 4

fallopian tubes

Question 5

penetration of the ovum by a sperm

Answer 5

fertilisation

Question 6

joining together of male and female reproductive cells

Answer 6

sexual reproduction

Question 7

reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells

Answer 7

gametes

Question 8

male reproductive cell. It consists of a head, a middle section and a tail used to swim towards the egg.

Answer 8

sperm

Question 9

female gametes or sex cells. Singular = ovum.

Answer 9

ova

Question 10

cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilised ovum before it starts to divide into more cells

Answer 10

zygote

Question 11

reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilised by sperm released nearby

Answer 11

external fertilisation

Question 12

reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilised by sperm inserted into the female

Answer 12

internal fertilisation

Question 13

the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating

Answer 13

copulation

Question 14

act of inserting sperm into the female; also called copulation or mating

Answer 14

sexual intercourse

Question 15

cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

Answer 15

meiosis

Question 16

a new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information

Answer 16

epigenetics

Question 17

genetic material passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of both the sperm and the ovum

Answer 17

nuclear DNA

Question 18

genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

Answer 18

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Question 19

genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

Answer 19

mtDNA

Question 20

release of sperm

Answer 20

ejaculation

Question 21

combination of fluid and sperm

Answer 21

semen

Question 22

twins developed from the same fertilised egg

Answer 22

identical twins

Question 23

twins developed from different fertilised eggs

Answer 23

fraternal twins