Chapter 5 Flashcards
Who is Cesare Lombroso?
• He is theFather of Criminology. He was the criminologist that believed that criminals could be identified by observing physical and phenotypic traits. He believed that serious offender were “born criminals” with a set of primitive traits (Atavistic anomalies)
How does sociology differs from earlier theories of behavior?
• Sociology differs from earlier theories of behavior in that it stresses that genetics and biological conditions are the main scopes to look at criminality.
Define atavistic anomalies?
• the physical characteristics that distinguish born criminals from the general population and are throwbacks to animals or primitive people.
What are internal restraints?
• you conscience that say not to do something because its bad
Internal restraints include what psychoanalytic theory refers to as the ego act to moderate what aspects of the personality?
• Freud Theory on personality and/ or the three parts of the brain
What is the connection between the inheritance, school and genetics?
• You inheritance your affinity for criminality form you parents.
How does sociology differ form earlier theories of behavior?
• It differs from earlier theories of behavior in the sense that it stresses that genetic and biological are the main conditions affecting criminality.
What are the main concepts to evolutionary theory and criminality?
what are the 3 theories?
• Some believe that human traits that produce violence and aggression are produced through the long process of human evolution
Rushton’s Theory of Race and Evolution
• Evolution explains racial differences in crime
R/K Selection Theory
• Criminal behavior is explained by approaches to sexual reproduction
What is the Farmington’s Cambridge Study in Delinquent?
• This study claimed that in most/ if not all cases there is evidence showing that delinquent youths have criminal father from whom they get their drive to commit criminal activities from.
What are the differences between individual vulnerability and differential susceptibility?
• The terms “susceptibility” and “vulnerability” are often used interchangeably for populations with disproportionate health burdens; however, “susceptibility” often refers to factors inherent to physical predisposition (e.g., genetics), and “vulnerability” often refers to external factors (e.g., occupational exposure) (10). Here, we refer to “effect modifiers” as individual-level or area-level factors related to susceptibility or vulnerability
Define biosocial theory?
What is the Core Principle ?
- Biosocial Theory has been coined to reflect the assumed link between physical + mental traits, the social environment and behavior.
- Physical, environmental, and social conditions work together to produce human behavior
What are the features of psychodynamic theory?
their focus is on early childhood experience and its effect on personality. In contrast, behaviorism stresses social learning and behavior modeling as the keys to criminality. Cognitive theory analyzes human perception and how it affects behavior.
What is meant by behaviorism?
• their focus is on early childhood experience and its effect on personality. In contrast, behaviorism stresses social learning and behavior modeling as the keys to criminality. Cognitive theory analyzes human perception and how it affects behavior.
What are the features of antisocial personality?
The Antisocial Personality; A pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood
- Psychopath: A product of a destructive home environment
- Sociopath: A product of a defect or aberration within themselves
- Best understood as a continuum rather than as discrete categories
According to Freud, what are the 3 part of the brain or personality and what do each control?
• The id;
The id is motivated by the pleasure principle, which wants to gratify all impulses immediately. If the id’s needs aren’t met, it creates tension. However, because all desires can’t be fulfilled right away, those needs may be satisfied, at least temporarily, through primary process thinking in which the individual fantasizes about what they desire.
• The ego;
The ego operates from the reality principle, which works to satisfy the id’s desires in the most reasonable and realistic ways. The ego may do this by delaying gratification, compromising, or anything else that will avoid the negative consequences of going against society’s norms and rules.
• The superego;
The superego consists of two components: the conscious and the ego ideal. The conscious is the part of the superego that forbids unacceptable behaviors and punishes with feelings of guilt when a person does something they shouldn’t. The ego ideal, or ideal self, includes the rules and standards of good behavior one should adhere to. If one is successful in doing so, it leads to feelings of pride. However, if the standards of the ego ideal are too high, the person will feel like a failure and experience guilt.
What are the differences between primary prevention programs, secondary prevention programs and tertiary prevention programs?
And Tertiary Prevention Programs:
Primary prevention programs:
• Seek to treat personal problems before they manifest
themselves as crimes
Secondary prevention programs:
• Provide treatment such as psychological counseling to
youths and adults who are at risk for law violation
Tertiary prevention programs:
• May be a requirement of a probation order, part of a diversionary sentence, or associated with aftercare following
What is the psychoanalytic theory?
•
What is the contagion effect?
• The belief that the genetic predisposition and early experiences which make some people, including twins, susceptible to deviant behavior is transmitted by the presence of antisocial siblings in the household
Who is Raffaele Garofalo?
• Coined the term Criminology
• Defined crime, not as a violation of a law, but as a. violation of nature. These act that violate nature were mala in se (evil themselves) and acts that broke the law but were absent the violation of human nature were mala prohibita (technical violations of the law).
- He said an act was crime if it violated human nature in either of the two forms;
o Probity: which is honesty and integrity
o Pity: which is comparison for others
What are the Biochemical Conditions?
- Smoking and Drinking
- Exposure to Chemicals and Minerals
- Diet and Crime
- Sugar Intake
- Glucose metabolism/ Hypoglycemia
- Hormonal Influences
- Premenstrual Syndrome
- Allegories
- Environmental Contaminants
- Neurophysiological Conditions and Crime
What are the elements of Psychodynamic Theory?
• Human personality contains a three part structure: Id, Ego, and Superego
What are the Psychosexual Stages of Human Development?
• According to Freud, the roots of adult behavioral problems can be traced to problems developed during the oral, anal, and phallic stages of development
What is Psychodynamics of Antisocial Behavior?
• Several psychodynamic results can lead to criminal behavior, such as inferiority complexes, identity crises, and a host of disorders, such as conduct disorders
Is there a direct linkage between mental disorder and crime?
• Despite this evidence, there are still questions about whether mental disorder is a direct cause of crime and violence
