Chapter 5 Flashcards
What are the names of three monosaccharides ?
Sugar, Fructose, Galactose
What are the names of three disaccharides?
Lactose, maltose, sucrose
Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
The mouth where salivary enzymes begin breaking it down
How are carbohydrates digested?
mouth- chewing, salivary enzymes break down
stomach- chyme and churning occurs
small intestine- pancreatic juice is released
villi secrete enzymes
once carbs are broken down into single glucose units they are absorbed into intestinal cells, then into the blood stream
Once in the blood, what happens to a broken down carbohydrate?
Once in the blood, the glucose may be used for energy through catabolism or stored for later energy through anabolism
Can glucose be used both aerobically and anaerobically?
Yes
What is glycogen?
Storage form of glucose in bodily tissues, stored in the liver
What is glycogen’s role in the body?
It stores glucose to raise blood-glucose levels when blood sugar falls too low.
What is fiber?
The portion of a plant that cannot be fully broken down by digestive enzymes
What are the food sources of soluble fiber?
beans, oat, bran
What are the food sources of insoluble fiber?
Whole grains, brown rice, cereals
What are the health advantages of insoluble fiber?
speeds up digestion, adds bulk to stool, aids with bowl regularity
What are the health advantages of soluble fiber?
It attaches to cholesterol particles and carries them out of the body, which lowers cholesterol
What is the daily recommendation for fiber?
38g for males
25g for females
What are the problems with too much fiber?
It can cause bloating, gas, constipation and diarrhea
What percentage of daily calories should come from carbohydrates?
45-65%
Which food groups contain carbs?
Dairy, fruits, grains, legumes, starchy vegetables, meats, and sugary sweets
What relationship is there between sugar intake and tooth decay, hyperactivity, and obesity?
While high sugar intake is directly related to tooth decay and obesity, there is no link between sugar intake and hyperactivity
What is lactose intolerance?
Inability to digest lactose
Which foods are involved with a lactose intolerance?
All dairy products containing lactose
What are possible remedies for a lactose intolerance?
Lactaid products, a dietary supplement for lactase, or avoidance of dairy
What does “protein sparing” mean?
It means the body uses other sources of energy rather than protein
What are three types of diabetes?
Type 1, Type 2, and gestational.
What are the warning signs of diabetes?
frequent urination increased thirst fatigue slow healing numbness or pain in the hands and feet increased hunger
What are the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes occurs when someone stops producing insulin, and Type 2 occurs when someone’s body stops responding to the insulin produced
How is diabetes treated?
Weight reduction, insulin medication, or dietary changes, Type 2 diabetes may be managed with non-insulin medications as well.
What is hypoglycemia?
Occurs when blood sugars have fallen low enough that action needs to be taken in order for blood glucose to raise.
(LOW BLOOD SUGAR)
What are the names used for sugar on a food label?
fructose, glucose, and galactose
How does insulin work in the body?
Insulin is a hormone that is responsible for lowering blood sugar by converting glucose to energy or storing it
(lowers blood sugar)
How does glucagon work in the body?
Glucagon is the hormone responsible for the process of turning stored glycogen (glucose molecules) into glucose to raise blood sugar
(raises blood sugar)
where is insulin produced in the body?
Pancreas
Where is glucagon produced in the body?
Liver
What is glycogen vs glucagon?
Glycogen is a stored form of glucose, while glucagon is the hormone that turns glycogen into usable glucose for the body
