Chapter 5

Question 1

What are the names of three monosaccharides ?

Answer 1

Sugar, Fructose, Galactose

Question 2

What are the names of three disaccharides?

Answer 2

Lactose, maltose, sucrose

Question 3

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Answer 3

The mouth where salivary enzymes begin breaking it down

Question 4

How are carbohydrates digested?

Answer 4

mouth- chewing, salivary enzymes break down
stomach- chyme and churning occurs
small intestine- pancreatic juice is released
villi secrete enzymes
once carbs are broken down into single glucose units they are absorbed into intestinal cells, then into the blood stream

Question 5

Once in the blood, what happens to a broken down carbohydrate?

Answer 5

Once in the blood, the glucose may be used for energy through catabolism or stored for later energy through anabolism

Question 6

Can glucose be used both aerobically and anaerobically?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What is glycogen?

Answer 7

Storage form of glucose in bodily tissues, stored in the liver

Question 8

What is glycogen’s role in the body?

Answer 8

It stores glucose to raise blood-glucose levels when blood sugar falls too low.

Question 9

What is fiber?

Answer 9

The portion of a plant that cannot be fully broken down by digestive enzymes

Question 10

What are the food sources of soluble fiber?

Answer 10

beans, oat, bran

Question 11

What are the food sources of insoluble fiber?

Answer 11

Whole grains, brown rice, cereals

Question 12

What are the health advantages of insoluble fiber?

Answer 12

speeds up digestion, adds bulk to stool, aids with bowl regularity

Question 13

What are the health advantages of soluble fiber?

Answer 13

It attaches to cholesterol particles and carries them out of the body, which lowers cholesterol

Question 14

What is the daily recommendation for fiber?

Answer 14

38g for males

25g for females

Question 15

What are the problems with too much fiber?

Answer 15

It can cause bloating, gas, constipation and diarrhea

Question 16

What percentage of daily calories should come from carbohydrates?

Answer 16

45-65%

Question 17

Which food groups contain carbs?

Answer 17

Dairy, fruits, grains, legumes, starchy vegetables, meats, and sugary sweets

Question 18

What relationship is there between sugar intake and tooth decay, hyperactivity, and obesity?

Answer 18

While high sugar intake is directly related to tooth decay and obesity, there is no link between sugar intake and hyperactivity

Question 19

What is lactose intolerance?

Answer 19

Inability to digest lactose

Question 20

Which foods are involved with a lactose intolerance?

Answer 20

All dairy products containing lactose

Question 21

What are possible remedies for a lactose intolerance?

Answer 21

Lactaid products, a dietary supplement for lactase, or avoidance of dairy

Question 22

What does “protein sparing” mean?

Answer 22

It means the body uses other sources of energy rather than protein

Question 23

What are three types of diabetes?

Answer 23

Type 1, Type 2, and gestational.

Question 24

What are the warning signs of diabetes?

Answer 24

frequent urination
increased thirst
fatigue
slow healing
numbness or pain in the hands and feet
increased hunger

Question 25

What are the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 25

Type 1 diabetes occurs when someone stops producing insulin, and Type 2 occurs when someone’s body stops responding to the insulin produced

Question 26

How is diabetes treated?

Answer 26

Weight reduction, insulin medication, or dietary changes, Type 2 diabetes may be managed with non-insulin medications as well.

Question 27

What is hypoglycemia?

Answer 27

Occurs when blood sugars have fallen low enough that action needs to be taken in order for blood glucose to raise.
(LOW BLOOD SUGAR)

Question 28

What are the names used for sugar on a food label?

Answer 28

fructose, glucose, and galactose

Question 29

How does insulin work in the body?

Answer 29

Insulin is a hormone that is responsible for lowering blood sugar by converting glucose to energy or storing it
(lowers blood sugar)

Question 30

How does glucagon work in the body?

Answer 30

Glucagon is the hormone responsible for the process of turning stored glycogen (glucose molecules) into glucose to raise blood sugar
(raises blood sugar)

Question 31

where is insulin produced in the body?

Answer 31

Pancreas

Question 32

Where is glucagon produced in the body?

Answer 32

Liver

Question 33

What is glycogen vs glucagon?

Answer 33

Glycogen is a stored form of glucose, while glucagon is the hormone that turns glycogen into usable glucose for the body