Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Food and nutrition Exam 1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Gourmet Food flashcards
1
Q

What is digestion?

A

The mechanical and chemical process of breaking down food into substances that can be used by the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is absorption?

A

The action of taking nutrients into the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The total of all processes in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the total of all processes in the body?

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A catalyst for a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can enzymes be easily recognized?

A

Their names often have the ending “-ase”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an enzyme’s purpose in food digestion?

A

They speed up the chemical reactions that break down food molecules, and aid the breaking down of food molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Accessory organ which manufactures digestive enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

It churns, mixes, and grinds food to a liquid mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Manufactures bile to help digest fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Primary site of nutrient digestion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Stores bile until needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In what order does food travel through the small intestine?

A

Duodenum first
jejunum second,
Ileum last

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In what part of the small intestine does the least amount of absorption occur

A

The Ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In what order does the food go through the large intestine?

A 
The ascending (going up) colon first
the transverse (going across) colon second
the descending (going down) colon last
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does most digestion and absorption take place in the digestive tract?

A

the small intestine

17
Q

Where is the gastro esophageal sphincter?

A

It is located between the end of the esophagus and the stomach

18
Q

Where is the pyloric sphincter?

A

It is located between the stomach and the beginning of the small intestine (Duodenum)

19
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The involuntary contracting of the muscles of the intestine or another canal

20
Q

What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

A

Mechanical digestion is the physical process of breaking down food into smaller pieces, while chemical digestion uses chemical reactions in order to further break down food into smaller nutrients.

21
Q

What is the primary function of the colon (large intestine)?

A

To reabsorb fluids and process waste products

22
Q

What are three examples of mechanical digestion?

A

Chewing, stomach churning, peristalsis

23
Q

What are two examples of chemical digestion?

A

Food mixing with enzymes in saliva
Pancreas releasing enzymes
Stomach acid breaking down food

24
Q

What are the secretions that entire the GI tract to help with digestion?

A

stomach acid,
digestive enzymes,
pancreatic juice,
bile

25
Q

What is bile?

A

Bile is a fluid that is produced to aid the breakdown of fatty acids

26
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

Bile is produced in the liver

27
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Bile is stored in the gallbladder

28
Q

What macronutrient does bile help to break down?

A

Fats

29
Q

Why are villi important in the small intestine?

A

The villi help to increase the surface area of the intestinal walls, which helps to increase absorption.

30
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process by which cells convert nutrients into ATP and release waste products.

31
Q

What are the names of the three steps of cellular respiration in order?

A

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

32
Q

Where does each step of cellular respiration occur?

A

Glycolysis- Cytoplasm
Krebs cycle- Mitochondria
Electron transport chain- Mitochondria

33
Q

What is heartburn?

A

Stomach acid backs up to esophagus causing irritation

34
Q

What is GERD?

A

Lower Esophageal sphincter is compromised, which results in chronic heart burn.

35
Q

What are methods of treating heartburn?

A

Antacids

36
Q

What are methods of treating GERD?

A

Surgical wrapping of the esophageal sphincter, and medications

37
Q

What lifestyle changes may be required as treatment for GERD and heartburn?

A 
Smaller more frequent meals, 
not laying down after eating
stop smoking
maintain a healthy weight
eat food slower and chew thoroughly
avoid trigger foods

Food and nutrition Exam 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions