Chapter 5

Question 1

A bimetallic strip is usable as a thermometer because of

Answer 1

thermal expansion.

Question 2

The amount of heat energy a refrigerator removes from the food stored inside it is _____ the amount of electrical energy required to run the refrigerator.

Answer 2

less than.

Question 3

used in thermostats and some thermometers

Answer 3

1. bimetallic strip

Question 4

can be increased by doing work on a substance or by adding heat to it

Answer 4

11. internal energy

Question 5

main mechanism of heat transfer in a solid

Answer 5

3. conduction

Question 6

the temperature scale most commonly used in the United States

Answer 6

10. Fahrenheit

Question 7

this is how we receive heat from the sun

Answer 7

12. radiation

Question 8

refrigerators, air conditioners and heat pumps are examples

Answer 8

9. heat mover

Question 9

the temperature scale based on setting the freezing point of water at 0 and the boiling point of water at 100.

Answer 9

13. Celsius (Centigrate)

Question 10

the best that a heat engine can have

Answer 10

2. Carnot efficiency

Question 11

heat transfer by way of buoyant mixing in a fluid

Answer 11

4. convection

Question 12

the temperature scale where the numeriocal value is proportional to the average kinetic energy of atoms and molecules in a substance

Answer 12

14. Kelvin

Question 13

The coefficient of linear expansion of ordinary glass is three times that of Pyrex glass. An ordinary glass rod and a Pyrex glass rod of equal lengths at room temperature are dropped into boiling water. The change in length of the ordinary glass rod will be _____ the change in length of the Pyrex glass rod.

Answer 13

3 times

Question 14

When water boils, its temperature

Answer 14

stays constant.

Question 15

The internal energy of a volume of gas can be increased by

(A) compressing it.
(B) allowing heat to flow into it.
(C) allowing it to expand.
(D) none of the above.

Answer 15

A and B

Question 16

The warmth you feel from the sun at the beach is an example of

Answer 16

heat radiation.

Question 17

What is the maximum efficiency (in percent) of a heat engine operating between 293 kelvins and 273 kelvins, which is the temperatures at the surface and several hundred meters below the surface, respectively, of the ocean?

Answer 17

6.8

Question 18

Which of the following correlates best with the average temperature of the earth . . .

Answer 18

Solar activity

Question 19

A piece of chocolate melts in your mouth. This is an example of

Answer 19

heat conduction.

Question 20

Natural processes tend to increase the _____ of thermodynamic systems.

Answer 20

entropy

Question 21

What is the principle mechanism causing earth’s temperature to warm and cool?

Answer 21

Solar activity affects cloud formation, which is part of the earth’s natural thermostat. High solar activity retards cloud formation, and the earth warms. With low solar activity there is more cloud formation and the earth cools.

Question 22

When a substance comes in contact with something that has a lower temperature,

Answer 22

heat is transferred from the substance.

Question 23

Which are bigger: Celsius (Centigrate) degrees or Fahrenheit degrees?

Answer 23

Celsius (Centigrate)

Question 24

The total kinetic and potential energies of all the atoms and molecules of a substance is its

Answer 24

internal energy.

Question 25

Heat transfer by radiation occurs via

Answer 25

electromagnetic waves.

Question 26

A baseball with mass 0.14 kilograms and speed 40 m/s is caught. If all of its kinetic energy is converted to internal energy as it is caught, what is its temperature change in degrees Celsius? (Assume the baseball’s specific heat capacity is 1,000 joules per kilogram degree Celsius, and remember that kinetic energy is ½mv2.)

Answer 26

0.8

Question 27

Why do bridges have expansion joints?

Answer 27

to keep them from buckling and cracking because of seasonal temperatuire changes.

Question 28

You hold one end of a solid rod in a fire, and the other end becomes hot. This is an example of

Answer 28

heat conduction.

Question 29

Answer questions on the basis of the following information:

  specific heat capacity of ice = 2,000 J/kg-ºC
  specific heat capacity of water = 4,000 J/kg-ºC

How much heat – measured in Joules – is required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water from 0ºC to 10ºC?

Answer 29

40,000

Question 30

When ice melts, its temperature

Answer 30

stays constant.

Question 31

The air inside a bicycle tire pump has 60 joules of work done on it as 20 joules of heat is conducted away from it. What is the change in internal energy of the air in joules?

Answer 31

40

Question 32

Your feet feel colder when you step barefoot off a wool rug onto a hardwood floor in the winter. Why?

(A) The hardwood floor is at a lower temperature than the rug.
(B) The hardwood floor is at a lower temperature than your feet.
(C) The hardwood floor conducts heat away from your feet better than the rug.
(D) all of the above

Answer 32

B and C

Question 33

The specific heat capacity of copper is three times the specific heat capacity of lead. Equal masses of copper and lead are heated from room temperature to the temperature of boiling water. To achieve this, the amount of heat added to the copper is _____ the amount of heat added to the lead.

Answer 33

3 times

Question 34

Answer questions on the basis of the following information:

  specific heat capacity of ice = 2,000 J/kg-ºC
  specific heat capacity of water = 4,000 J/kg-ºC

1 kg of ice in a large beaker begins to melt. The beaker is placed over a bunsen burner, and both ice and water remain after 10,000 Joules of heat is added. How much does the temperature rise in ºC?

Answer 34

0

Question 35

_____________ provides a natural thermostat which has consistently kept the earth’s temperature in a “liveable” range.

Answer 35

The water cycle

Question 36

The internal energy of a substance can be increased by

(A)	doing work on it.
(B)	letting it do work.
(C)	adding heat to it.
(D)	extracting heat from it.
(E)	none of the above.

Answer 36

A and C

Question 37

What is the approximate percentage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere?

Answer 37

Less than one-tenth of 1%

Question 38

Answer questions on the basis of the following information:

specific heat capacity of ice = 2,000 J/kg-ºC
specific heat capacity of water = 4,000 J/kg-ºC

A 1 kg block of ice is removed from a freezer where its temperature was -10 ºC. The amount of heat – measured in Joules – absorbed by the ice as it warms to 0 ºC is

Answer 38

20,000

Question 39

A key is placed in a hot oven and warmed to 100ºC. As a result

Answer 39

the key becomes longer.

Question 40

In a steam engine, steam at 140 ºC in a turbine does work on an external system, and the steam leaves the turbine at 100 ºC. The efficiency of the steam engine is 5%. The relevant physical principle is

Answer 40

the second law of thermodynamics.

Question 41

The Eiffel tower in Paris is made primarily of iron, whose coefficient of linear expansion is about 12 x 10-6/ºC. On a cold day when the temperature is - 10 ºC the Eiffel tower is 300 meters tall. Its height in meters on a hot day when the temperature is 40 ºC is

Answer 41

300.18

Question 42

A bimetallic strip is formed from two materials that have different

Answer 42

coefficients of linear expansion.

Question 43

A wood stove in the corner of a cabin causes the entire cabin to become heated. This is an example of

Answer 43

heat convection.