Chapter 5 Flashcards
Acid
An acid is a substance when you dissolve in water gives you H^+
(Positive hydrogen ion)
Organic acid
Acid gotten from natural sources An acid that is only partially dissociated into ions in water(low concentration of H+ in solution Eg: •Formic acid HCOOH •Acetic(ethnic acid) CH3OOH •Citric acid C6H8O7 ^^^^ weak acids
Mineral acid
Non-organic acid An acid that is completely imposed when dissolved in water (highest possible concentration of H+ ions in solution) •HNO3 - nitric acid •H2SO4 - sulphuric acid •HCL - hydrogens chloride ^^^^ strong acids
Indicator
Is used to see if a liquid is an acid or a base. It changes color and shows if it is an acid or base.
•A substance which determines if your liquid is an acid or base
Acid - red
Base - blue
Neutral -purple
Universal indicator
Shows us the strength of the acid or base. A mixture of dyes that changes collar gradually over a range of pH and is used in testing for asides and bases
1-6 = acidic solution 7 = neutral 8-14 = alkali solution
Base/alkali
A base is a substance when you dissolve in water gives you a negative charge
OH^- (hydroxide ion)
^^^Negative charge
Some are insoluble in water (CaO, MgO
Neutral solution
When there is an equal amount of H^+ and OH^- present
So that they cancel each other
And the solution becomes purple
Weak alkali
An alkali that is only partially dissociated into ions in water - low concentration of OH- in the solution
eg: ammonia solution
Strong alkali
An alkali that is completely ionized when dissolved into water
Highest possibly concentration of OH- ions in solution
Eg sodium hydroxide
Litmus solution and litmus paper
Acid - red
Base -blue
Neutral - purple
Phenophlhlein
Acid -colorless
Base-pink
Neutral- colorless
Methyl orange
Acid -red
Base - yellow
Neutral -orange
Amphoteric hydroxides
Hydroxides which can react with both acids and alkalis to produce salts
Eg: ZnO
Al203
Anti - acid
NaHCO3 (most anti acids have bases and cons it out of NaHCO3)
Eg milk of magnesium
Painkillers
Vitamin C (absorb acid)
Lime scale
White substance found in kettle
Hard water - means it has a high concentration of calcium ion (Ca2+)
Ca2+(headwater) + heat =forms= calcium carbonate (CaCO3) lime scale
