Chapter 4 Flashcards
Naming and writing ionic bonds
Name of metal ion is the same as it’s elemental name
The name of the non-metal is obtained by adding ide
Eg: KI
potassium ^+
Iodide ^-
Metals with variable charge
Mg =mg^2+
Na = na^+
Transition metals have variable charges
Polyatonic ions
Group of atoms with an overall ionic charge
Most common names fro polyatomic ions at the end, end in “ate”
When a related ion has one less oxygen atoms, then it’s “it’s”
Types of chemical reactions
- combustion and radox
- synthesis and decomposition
- decomposition
- neutralization and precipitation
- precipitation
- displacement
Synthesis and decomposition reaction
Synthesis is where two compounds or atoms join to give a product
•magnesium + nitrogen = magnesium nitride
Decomposition reaction
Is where an compound breaks into different components
•calcium carbonate =heat= calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
Neutralization and precipitation reaction
Is when an acid reacts with a base to give salt and water
•Sulphuric acid + calcium hydroxide = calcium sulphate + water
Precipitation reaction
This is where two compounds react to form a precipitate
•barium hydroxide + sulphuric acid = barium sulphate + H2O
Displacement reaction
It’s a type of reaction where the ions in solution are displaced by other ions
•Zn+ CuSO4 = ZnSO4 + Cu
Combustion and radox reaction
Is where a compound is burnt in oxygen to give an oxide
•2Cu + O2 = 2CuO
Diamond properties and uses
Appearance : colourless, transparent, crystals sparkle in light
Hardness: hardest natural substance
Density : more dense than graphite (3.51g/cm^3
Electrical conductivity : does not conduct electricity
Uses:jewelry and in drill bits, diamond saws and glass cutters
Graphite properties and uses
Appearance : dark grey, shiny solid
Hardness: soft- the layers can slide over each other - and solid has a slippery feel
Density: less dense than diamond (2.25g/cm^3
Electrical conductivity : conducts electricity
Uses:in pencils as a lubricant and as electrodes and for the brushes in electric motors
Macromolecules
Giant molecular crystals held together by strong covalent bonds
