Chapter 5 Flashcards
Parental Development
the development of a baby during the period before birth
Ovum
a female egg
Uterus
the womb or the organ in a women’s body in which the baby develops during pregnancy
Sperm
male cell
Conception
the union of a ovum and a sperm resulting in the beginning of a pregnancy
Embryo
The second stage of the pregnacy
Zygote
a fertilized egg and the first stage in the pregnacy
Placenta
The tissue that connects the sacs around the unborn baby to the mothers uterus
Umbilical cord
A long tube that connects the placenta to the unborn baby
Amniotic fluid
A special fluid that surrounds and protects the developing baby during pregnancy
Fetus
The unborn baby from about the eighth or ninth week of pregnancy until birth
Quickening
By the fourth or fifth month of development, the kicking and moving of the baby can be felt by the mother
Lightening
During the ninth month of pregnancy, the fetus drops into the birth canal to prepare for labor
Explain the difference between dominant and recessive genes
A dominate gene is a stronger gene and the recessive genes are the weaker genes
How is the sex of a baby determined?
The sex of a baby is determined by the special chromosomes that come in two types, x and y
Adoption
Adoption can be a means of providing home for one or more children who would not otherwise have one
Artificial insemination
This is the process of injecting sperm into a women’s uterus with a special needle. A docotor does this during the women’s fertile period. The sperm can be from the husband or a donor
Invito fertilization
A women whose damaged Fallopian tubes prevent pregnancy may have a doctor remoce a mature egg from her overy. The egg is placed in a small dish containing from her ovary. The egg is placed in a small dish containing a special solution, which the husband’s sperm is added
Ovum transfer
An egg obtained from a female donor is fertilized by the men’s sperm in ritro fertilization and then implanted in the uterus of an infertile women. This is used our women who lack working ovaries or who have a history of of inherited disorders. This procedure is sometimes called adoptive pregancy
Surrogate mother
A surrogate or substitute mother is a women who carries and delivers a baby for another couple. In some cases the, the serrtogate carries a couples fertilized egg which is removed from the biological mother because she is unable to carry a pregnancy to term
Differentiate between miscarriage and stillbirth
A miscarriage is the natural ending of a pregnancy before the embryo or fetus could possibility survive. A stillbirth is the natural ending of a pregnancy after 20 weeks
What are causes for down syndrome?
A cromosonal error. There is an extra chromosome 21 and it is more common with older women who have children
How can a genetic counselor help prospective parents?
Some hereditary or chromosomal defects can be predicted by genetic counseling
Amniocentesis
The process of withdrawing a sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding an unborn baby with a special needle and testing that fluid for indications of specific birth defects or health problems.
Zygote time period
lasts 2 weeks
Embryo time period
lasts from the third week to the eighth
Fetus time period
eighth or ninth week until birth
Chromosomes
need to fill in
Gohnorrhea
can be transmitted through birth but can be cured right after born
What does F.A.S stand for?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
What are three major dianostic criteria?
(1) Distinctive, abnormal facial features (2) Growth deficiencies (3) Central nervous system problems (structural and/or functional)
physical signs of FAS
(1) Flat Mid face (2) Small eye sockets (3) Short nose (4) Indistinct lip groove (5) Thin upper lip (6) Low nasal bridge (7) Non-hereditary eyelid fold (8) Minor ear anomalies (9) Small lower
Non-physical signs of FAS
(1) Reduced cognitive ability (2) learning digestibilities (3) Attention deficient (4) Hyperactivity (5) Poor impulse control (6) Poor social skills (7) Language difficulties (8) Memory deficits
Why can only professionals diagnose prenatal alcohol exposure?
(1) FAS can only be diagnosed by a clinical exam (2) because damage may be subtle, F.A.S is often missed or misdiagnosed (3) Genetic and environmental factors can cause similar disabilities and abnormalities
Facts About Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
(1) 1 in 100 babies (40,000 babies annually) is born with some efferects of prenatal alcohol exposure (2) 1 in 1,000 babies is born with full-blown F.A.S (3) Annually, F.A.S. costs up to $6 billion in direct and indirect costs (4) Lifetime expenses and costs for an individual with F.A.S. are approximately $2 million
Alcoholic stuff slide 13
A standard drink = 0.60 ounces of pure alcohol: -One 12-oz beer or wine cooler
-One 5-oz glass of wine -One 1.5-oz serving of hard liquor
Some alcoholic drinks contain more alcohol and/or come in larger contains (22 to 45 ounces).
How Alcohol Reaches the Fetus
Alcohol is transfered from the mother to the baby through the placenta and umbellica cord
How Alcohol Can Damage All Organ Systems
(As early as week 3) Central Nervous System, Ears, Eyes (As early as week 4) Heart, and Upper Limbs (As early as week 6) Palate, teeth, and external gentalla
How does alcohol damage all organ systems
(1) A mother’s drinking can affect all parts of a developing fetus (2) The time during pregancy at which she drinks alcohol determines the type of injury. (3) The more alcohol she drinks, the greater the injury (3) The more alcohol she drinks, the greater the injury
Severe Injury to the Developing Brain
“Of all the substances of abuse (invluding cocaine, heroin, and marijuana), alcohol produces by far the most serious neurobehavioral effects on the fetus.”
What reduces the quality of life for people with F.A.S.D.
(1) Low self-esteem (2) Poor impulse control (3) Disruptive school experiences (4) Incomplete education (5) Unemployment (6) Psychiatric problems (7) Inappropriate sexual behavior (8) Criminal behavior
