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Animal Behavior > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Phenotypic plasticity

A

The ability of an organism to produce different phenotypes depending on environmental conditions

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2
Q

Habituation and Sensitization

A

Two simple single stimulus forms of learning

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3
Q

Pavlovian conditioning experiments

A

Two stimuli:
The conditioned stimulus

Unconditioned stimulus

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4
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

Stimulus that initially fails to elicit a response, only when a second stimulus is present

ex.blue stick

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5
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

A stimulus that elicits vigorous response in the absence of training

ex. Cat odor

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6
Q

Conditioned response

A

Response to stimulus

ex. Rat hiding

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7
Q

Appetitive stimulus

A

Positive, pleasant, or rewarding stimulus

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8
Q

Aversive stimulus

A

Unpleasant stimulus

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9
Q

Excitatory conditioning

A

Positive relationship between stimulus and condition

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10
Q

Inhibitory conditioning

A

Negative relationship

Ex. Light means no food

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11
Q

Overshadowing

A

When a stimulus retards the learning of a species

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12
Q

Second order conditioning

A

A new 3rd stimulus is introduced before the firsts to elicit the conditioned response

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13
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning that occurs when a response made by an animal is somehow award

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14
Q

Law of effect

A

Principle of psychology

Responses to stimuli that produce a satisfying or pleasant state of affairs in a particular situation or more likely to occur again for the response will strengthen the situation

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15
Q

Mechanisms of learning

A

Stimulus

Stimulus-Stimulus

Response reinforcer

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16
Q

Psychologist believe (Learning)

A

Learning is the same in all animals and the environment then organism and has no effect on learning

17
Q

Adaptationist believe (Learning)

A

The Ability to learn should be under strong selection pressure

18
Q

Extinction Curve

A

How long animals will remember some paired association once the pairing is stopped

19
Q

David Stephen model of learning

A
  • predictability within lifetime of an individual

- Predictability between the environment of parents and offspring

20
Q

How do you learn your way home?

A 
Landscapes
Celestial and magnetic compasses
Drifting currents
Physiological change
Odors
21
Q

Chemical communication

A

Mongolian rats rely on chemical communication for many forms of social exchange

22
Q

How do we learned to recognize familial relationship?

A

Facial features
Expression
Traits

23
Q

Phenotypic effects (evolution)

A
  • phenotypic effects of cultural evolution can be a witness with in a lifetime or within a few generations
  • The phenotypic effects of genetic evolution occur less rapidly
24
Q

Goege Romanes

A

Credited for being the first person to consider that cultural transmission plays a role in animal life

25
Q

Local enhancement

A

A phenomenon in which an individual is drawing to a particular area because they observed another individual in that location but learned on its own

Migration

26
Q

Social facilitation

A

When a model start to facilitate learning, Due to reduced for fear levels when in groups

Group study

27
Q

Contagion (response facilitation effect)

A

A form of individual learning that consists of copying one’s behavior contagiously

28
Q

Imitation

A

Goal directed mechanism by observing producing a novel response

29
Q

Opportunity teaching

A

Teacher actively place students in a situation conducive to learning a new skill or acquiring knowledge

30
Q

Coaching

A

Teacher directly altering the behavior of students by encouragement or punishment

31
Q

3 modes of cultural transmission

A

Vertical cultural transmission- Info from parent to offspring

Horizontal cultural transmission- peer to peer

Oblique cul trans- across generations not via parent to offspring

Animal Behavior (7 decks)

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