Chapter 2 Flashcards
Alternative Versions
Variations in inherented characters
Alleles
Alternate genes
Dipole organisms
Inherits one set of chromosomes from each parent
Homologous Chromosomes
Two copies of each gene (May be identical)
Prerequisite Natural Selection
- Variation
- Fitness Consequences
- Model of Inheritance
- limited resources
Variation
Caused by environment and genetics
Genetic Recombination
Occurs during meiosis, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Transposition
DNA Transfer
Migration
Non genetic pathway by which variants enter a population
Fitness Consequence
Expected contribution to the next gen
Model of Inheritance
Genes are passed down from gen to gen
Heritability analyses
Measure the proportion of variance in a trait attributed to genetic variation
Broad sense heritability
Heritability that measures the total proportion of variance in a trait due to genetic variance not the environment
Broad sense= genetic variance/gen+envir variance
Narrow sense
Measures proportion of genetic variance in a trait that is accessible to natural selection
S= avg 1st gen R= difference between gen 1 and gen 2
Three mechanism of gen variation
- Independent assortment of chromosomes
- Crossing Over
- Random Fertilization
Polygenic
Phenotypic traits may be determined/control by two or more genes for the expression of a behavior
Polygenic Inheritance
The additive effects of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character
Behavioral Geneticists
Determine the multiple genes associated with the expression of a particular trait
Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL)
Identify candidate genes underlying a behavioral trait
QTLs
Found on diff chromosomes; the genetic architecture of a trait
Behavioral Genetics
What proportion of the variance in a behavioral trait is due to genetic variation for natural selection
Truncation Selection
Used in genetics to select potential candidate for recombo
Adaptation
Traits that provide their bearers with the highest relative fitness in an environment
Eusociality
An extreme form of social behavior
1) Cooperative brood care
2) Division of labor
3) Overlapping
DNA fingerprinting
The analysis and use of DNA patterns from body tissues
Mechanisms of learning
Stimulus
Stimulus-Stimulus
Response reinforcer
Psychologist believe (learning)
Learning is the same in all animals and the environment then organism and has no effect on learning
Adaptationist believe (learning)
The Ability to learn should be under strong selection pressure
Extinction curve
How long animals will remember some paired association once the pairing is stopped
David Stephen model of learning
- predictability within lifetime of an individual
- Predictability between the environment of parents and offspring
How do you learn your way home?
Landscapes Celestial and magnetic compasses Drifting currents Physiological change Odors
Chemical communication
Mongolian rats rely on chemical communication for many forms of social exchange
How do we learned to recognize familial relationship?
Facial features
Expression
Traits
