Chapter 5

Question 1

response variable

Answer 1

a variable that measures an outcome or result of a study

Question 2

explanatory variable

Answer 2

a variable that we think explains or causes changes in the response variable

Question 3

subjects

Answer 3

individuals studied in an experiment

Question 4

treatment

Answer 4

any specific experimental condition applied to the subjects

Question 5

lurking variable

Answer 5

a variable that has an important effect on the relationship among the variables in a study, but not an explanatory variable

Question 6

confounded variable

Answer 6

when the effects of two variables effects on the response cannot be distinguished from each other

Question 7

placebo

Answer 7

a dummy treatment with no active ingredients

Question 8

placebo effect

Answer 8

the response to a dummy treatment

Question 9

double-blind

Answer 9

neither the physicians recording the symptoms or the subjects know which is the treatment

Question 10

randomized comparative experiment

Answer 10

one that compares just two treatments

Question 11

control group

Answer 11

the subject that receives the placebo

Question 12

Statistically significant

Answer 12

an observed effect of a size that would rarely occur by chance