Chapter 5

Question 1

We observe individuals and measure variables of interest but do not attempt to influence the response

Answer 1

Observational study

Question 2

We deliberately impose some treatment on individuals in order to observe their response

Answer 2

Experiment

Question 3

The entire group of individuals that we want information about

Answer 3

Population

Question 4

Part of the population that we actually examine in order to gather information

Answer 4

Sample

Question 5

Consists of people who choose themselves by responding to a general
appeal

Answer 5

Voluntary response

Question 6

Choosing individuals who are easiest to reach

Answer 6

Convenience sampling

Question 7

The sampling method is ____ if it systemically favors certain outcomes

Answer 7

Biased

Question 8

Every set of individuals has an equal chance to be the sample actually selected

Answer 8

Simple random sample (SRS)

Question 9

The use of chance to divide experimental units into groups

Answer 9

Randomization

Question 10

Divides the population into groups or clusters. Some of these clusters are randomly selected. Then all individuals in the chosen clusters are selected to be in the sample

Answer 10

Cluster sampling

Question 11

What is the difference between a stratified sample and a cluster sample

Answer 11

A stratified sample we study a random sample of individuals in every sample and in cluster sampling we study all the individuals in the chosen clusters and none of the individuals in other clusters

Question 12

Occurs when some groups of the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample

Answer 12

Under coverage

Question 13

Occurs when an individual chosen for the sample can’t be contacted or does not cooperate

Answer 13

Non response

Question 14

Caused by the behavior of the interviewer or the respondent or from misleading due to poorly worded questions

Answer 14

Response bias

Question 15

Confusing or leading questions that effect the reposen of the survey takers

Answer 15

Poorly worded questions

Question 16

The individual on which the experiment is done

Answer 16

Experimental units

Question 17

A specific experimental condition applied to the units

Answer 17

Treatment

Question 18

The explanatory variables in an experiment

Answer 18

Factors

Question 19

Controls the effects of the the lurking variables on the response, most simply by comparing two or more treatments

Answer 19

Control group

Question 20

Conducting the experiment on many units to reduce chance variation in the result

Answer 20

Replication

Question 21

Used impersonal chance to assign experimental units to the treatments

Answer 21

Randomization

Question 22

When an observed effect is so large that it would rarely occur by chance

Answer 22

Statistical significance

Question 23

A group of experimental units or subjects that are known before the experiment to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the response to the treatment

Answer 23

Block designs

Question 24

Compares just two treatments that are matched as closely as possible

Answer 24

Matched pair design

Question 25

A dummy treatment

Answer 25

Placebo

Question 26

Neither the subjects nor the the experimenter know which treatment is being given

Answer 26

Double blind

Question 27

When the lack of realism impacts the study

Answer 27

Lack of realism