Chapter 5 Flashcards
Carbon skeletons/ three kinds of structures
The making up of carbon atoms, non-carbon-based.
Three structures are straight, branched, and ring
Functional group
Group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways, with other molecules (carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino)
Dehydration and hydrolysis
Drying up of molecules (hydration is opposite)
Watering of molecules
Organic/inorganic
Carbon based molecule
Non-carbon based molecule
Mono/Di/Polysaccharides
Mono: sugar containing one sugar unit
Di: sugar containing two monosaccharides
Poly: long polymer chain made up of simple sugar molecules
Structures/ building-blocks of Mon/Di/Polysaccharides
M- ring; glucose
D- link; sucrose
P- branched; cellulose
What do Lipids do?
Act as a boundary that surrounds/contains aqueous contents (also store energy and circulate to signal cells)
What is UN/saturated fat?
Saturated- contains all fatty acid chains with maximum possible numbers of hydrogen
Steroids def/ Structure/ why important/where found?
Lipid molecules with four fused carbon rings.
They circulate in body as signals
Usually found in cholesterol
Proteins/amino acids
Polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers
Monomer that makes up proteins/ has carboxyl amino functional groups
Why is protein structure important/ what makes it lose shape
It helps for the protein to function properly
It loses shape in the environment
Semi/ Permanent Denaturation
Permanent= Denaturation stays Semi= Denaturation stays, but then goes away
Catalysts/ Activation Energy
Speed up chem reaction and lowers AE
Minimum amount of energy required to trigger a chemical reaction
Enzymes/ Active Sites
Specialized proteins that catalyze the chemical reaction of a cell
Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits
Substrate
Specific reactants acted on by an enzyme
How are enzymes effected
They’re effected by the temperature in the environment
