chapter 5,6,7,8 sac

Question 1

stroke volume

Answer 1

how much blood is pumped out by the left ventricle per beat
exercise begins, heart contracts more

Question 2

cardiac output

Answer 2

the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle per minute
HR x SV=cardiac output

Question 3

heart rate

Answer 3

the number of times the heart beats per minute

Question 4

factors influencing heart rate

Answer 4

activity, fitness, levels body composition

Question 5

vasoconstriction

Answer 5

when the blood vessels constrict to allow less blood flow to rise to the skin

Question 6

vasodilation

Answer 6

when the blood vessels dilate and widen to allow more oxygenated blood to rise to the skin for the evaporation process

Question 7

thermoregulation

Answer 7

thermoregulation plays in role maintaining a steady internal body temperature, associated with homeostatis

Question 8

hypothermia

Answer 8

when the body is too cold
shivering is a protective response

Question 9

hyperthermia

Answer 9

when the body is too hot

Question 10

expiration-passive

Answer 10

the ribs drop and the diaphragm adopts a relaxed dome state. Space inside the lungs decreases

Question 11

inspiration-active

Answer 11

contracts the intercostal muscles and diaphragm. Ribs move upwards and downwards and the diaphragm contracts downwards. Increases the size of the space within the lungs

Question 12

oxygen deficit

Answer 12

when workloads are increased, the demand for oxygen exceeds the bodies ability to supply it resulting in a period of oxygen deficit

Question 13

steady state

Answer 13

if an athlete works submaximally, oxygen demand will level off and they will experience a steady state

Question 14

AV02 diff

Answer 14

an indication of the difference in oxygen concentration between the arterial and venous blood.

Question 15

atherosclerosis

Answer 15

occurs when arteries harden and become thick, sometimes restricting blood flow to vital organs and tissues

Question 16

atherosclerosis characterized

Answer 16

the build-up of fats cholesterol/ other substances on the arterial wall

Question 17

atherosclerosis-what happens if the size of these builds continue

Answer 17

can cause significant blockages, pain, and blood clots

Question 18

asthma-a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways.

Answer 18

Muscles in the bronchus and bronchitis tighten and the lining becomes inflamed and swollen resulting in stick mucous that causes airways to narrow

Question 19

symptoms of asthma

Answer 19

wheezing, breathlessness and chest tightness

Question 20

legal methods- altitude training

Answer 20

altitude training is undertaken by athletes to improve the amount of oxygen their bodies take in.

Question 21

exercising at high altitudes leads to

Answer 21

increased ventilation, increased heart rate and decreases stroke volume

Question 22

criticisms of high altitude training

Answer 22

athletes may experience such as fatigue, breathlessness and headaches

Question 23

illegal methods- EPO

Answer 23

naturally occurring polypeptide hormone, which regulates the production of RBCs. Artifically increased RBC production, leading to increase amount of oxygen

Question 24

risks of EPO

Answer 24

EPO thickens the blood, requiring the heart to work harder to move blood around the body- increasing risk of blood clots

Question 25

why is EPO illegal

Answer 25

synthetic EPO was created to treat patients with low RBC counts

Question 26

ethical considerations

Answer 26

refers to behaviour that falls within moral and social acceptable standards

Question 27

sociocultural factors

Answer 27

are customs, lifestyles and values characterized by society
children grew up in specific circumstances that shaped their beliefs and became ingrained