Chapter 5-6 Flashcards
was the first to discover some elements had similar properties (early 1800’s) –
Johann Doberiener
he also figured if you average mass of 3 elements, is the mass of the middle element -
Johann Doberiener
he organized elements in order of increasing mass -
John Newlands
he noticed that properties of the elements seem to repeat every 8 elements
John Newlands
1-7 elements =
different properties
8th element =
property like element 1
9th element =
property like element 2
repeating patterns ..
octaves
he wroter properties of each elements on cards & then arranged them in various ways =
Dmitri Mendeleev
he organized the 1st periodic table =
Dmitri Mendeleev
he worked under Rutherford
Henry Moseley
he used x-rays to assign each element a whole #, called the atomic # =
Henry Moseley
he organized elements by atomic #, not mass # =
Henry Moseley
how many elements are there?
117 elements
elements w/ similar properties
arranged in columns
numbered 1-18, starting at the left
group
elements in a row
numbered by energy levels, starting at the top
period
as the number ___________, so does the number of ___________ in the period.
increase
elements
why was the f-block taken out and put in the bottom =
because it was to hard
they’re silver-gray, except copper & gold
metals
they’re also called semimetals =
metalloids
they have high melting points -
metals
they don’t reflect light =
non-metals
they DO reflect light when polished -
metals
they are poor conductors of heat and electricity -
non-metals
they can be bent / hammered flat -
metals
they are good conducters of heat and electricity -
metals
they are properties of metals and nonmetals
metalloids
“silicon valley” =
metalloids
materials that engineers work w/
metalloids
brittle, low melting points -
non-metals
they are mostly solid or gas at room temperature, except Br = liquid
non-metals
they are the electrons in the highest energy level of an atom =
valence elevtrons
they are the only electrons that can bond w/ another element to make compounds -
valence electrons
to find the # of valence electrons, always used the _________ ________ of the group number.
ones place
the # of valence electrons varies for what blocks?
the d & f blocks
its when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their physcial and chemical properties show a periodic (repeating) pattern -
periodic law
systematic means …
order
systematic and predictable variation in a physcial or chemical property of each element as you move throught the periodic table =
periodic trend
all atoms on the same energy level -
atomic radius
left to right (electrons get pulled in) -
atomic radius
it ____________ from left to right. -
decreases
why does it decrease from left to right -
as you move to the right, each atom adds a proton & electron
they pull on all electrons -
protons
the more _______, the more the electrons get _______ on.
protons
pulled
the more the protons _____, the closer the electrons are too the _________
pull
necleus
the elctron w/ a lot of energy & is close=
harder to take away
electrons w/ less energy & NOT close =
easy to take away
the elctron w/ a lot of energy & is close
electrons w/ less energy & NOT close
^^ what is this called =
Ionization Energy
small radius = close electrons = harder to take away =
higer energy
large radius = far electrons = easy to take away =
low energy
how much an atom wants to take an electron away from another atom =
electronegativitiy
low electronegativity =
DOESNT want to take electron away
high electronegativity =
DOES want to take electron away
high ionization energy = high elctronegativity which =
it takes
low ionization energy = low electronegativity which =
it gives
bigger atoms - electrons farther from nucleus =
less energy
all elements in a single group share …..
same properties
the properties of metalloids are …
they are halfway between metals and non-metals
the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomi c #; it shows a repeating pattern -
periodic law
how much an atom wants to take away electrons from another -
electronegativity
amount of energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom =
ionization energy
when moving left to right the ……
atomic radius decreases
what are the elements on the bottom of the periodic table called -
rare earth metals
distance between the nucleus of an atom to the outtermost part
atomic radius
whats another name for group 2 -
alicine earth metals
groups 18 also knows as …
nobel gas
group 1 also known as ….
alkaline metals
what is the d block also known as …
transition metals
group 1 also known as …
alkali metals
group 17 also known as …
halogens
where are metalloids?
the ziggy line on periodic table
where are metals?
all the elements to the LEFT of the metalloids/ziggy line
where are non-metals =
all the elementts to the left of the ziggy line/metalloids
