CHapter 5-6 Flashcards
What does ‘Dorsal’ refer to?
Dorsal refers to the back side of the body.
What does ‘Distal’ mean?
Distal means farther from the point of attachment or the trunk.
What does ‘Ventral’ refer to?
Ventral refers to the front side of the body.
What does ‘Proximal’ mean?
Proximal means closer to the point of attachment or the trunk.
What should be reviewed regarding the bones of the body?
Review the bones of the body in each part as discussed in class.
What does ‘Unilateral’ mean?
Unilateral refers to one side of the body.
What does ‘Bilateral’ mean?
Bilateral refers to both sides of the body.
What is the ‘Prone’ position?
Prone means lying face down.
What is the ‘Supine’ position?
Supine means lying face up.
What does ‘Medial’ refer to?
Medial refers to being closer to the midline of the body.
What does ‘Lateral’ mean?
Lateral means farther from the midline of the body.
What is the ‘Fowler position’?
Fowler position is a sitting position with different variations: High fowlers and Semi-fowlers.
What does ‘Superior’ mean?
Superior means above or higher in position.
What does ‘Inferior’ refer to?
Inferior means below or lower in position.
What does ‘Adduction’ mean?
Adduction is the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.
What does ‘Abduction’ refer to?
Abduction is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
What does ‘Flexion’ mean?
Flexion is the bending of a joint.
What does ‘Extension’ refer to?
Extension is the straightening of a joint.
What is the ‘Apex’?
Apex refers to the tip or highest point of a structure.
What does ‘Anterior’ mean?
Anterior refers to the front of the body.
What does ‘Posterior’ refer to?
Posterior refers to the back of the body.
What is the ‘Brainstem’?
The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord.
What is the ‘Medulla oblongata’?
The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate.
What is the ‘Pons’?
The pons is a part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus.
What is ‘Dead space’?
Dead space refers to areas of the lungs where gas exchange does not occur.
What does ‘Ventilation’ mean?
Ventilation is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
What does ‘Respiration’ refer to?
Respiration is the process of gas exchange in the body.
What does ‘Oxygenation’ mean?
Oxygenation is the process of adding oxygen to the blood.
What does ‘Diffusion’ refer to?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is ‘Skeletal muscle’?
Skeletal muscle is a type of muscle tissue that is attached to bones and helps in movement.
What is ‘Smooth muscle’?
Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue found in the walls of hollow organs.
What is the ‘Axial skeleton’?
The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
What is the ‘Appendicular skeleton’?
The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs and girdles.
What is a ‘Hinge joint’?
A hinge joint allows for movement in one plane, like a door.
What is a ‘Ball and socket joint’?
A ball and socket joint allows for rotational movement in multiple directions.
What are ‘Arteries’?
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
What are ‘Veins’?
Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
What are ‘Capillaries’?
Capillaries are small blood vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.
What is the ‘Inferior vena cava’?
The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.
What is the ‘Superior vena cava’?
The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.
What is the ‘Pulmonary vein’?
The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
What is the ‘Pulmonary artery’?
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
What are ‘Facial bones’?
Facial bones are the bones that form the structure of the face.
What is the ‘Thoracic cavity’?
The thoracic cavity is the chamber of the body that houses the lungs and heart.
What is the ‘Abdominal cavity’?
The abdominal cavity is the space within the abdomen that contains digestive organs.
What is the ‘Retroperitoneal space’?
The retroperitoneal space is the area behind the peritoneum that contains the kidneys and other structures.
What are the four main components of the blood and their functions?
The four main components of the blood are red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (immune response), platelets (clotting), and plasma (transport).
