Chapter 5 Flashcards
people who interact with one another and believe what they have in common is significant aka social group
group
aggregate
individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but do not see themselves as belonging together
ex. shoppers at check out line or drivers at stop light
category
people, objects, and events that have similar charactetistics are classified as together ex. statistic….women in college
primary groups
small group characterized by cooperative, intimate, long-term, face to face relationships
secondary groups
larger, temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity ex. college classes political parties
iron law of oligarchy
Robert Michel’s term for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self perpetuating elite
in-group
a group toward which one feels loyalty
out group
a group toward which one feels antagonism
reference group
a group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves
social network
social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together
clique
cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another
bureaucracy
formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor, emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications and records
goal displacement
an organization replacing old goals with new ones aka goal replacement
McDonadization of society
process by which ordinary aspects of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule them, such as food preparation
alienation
Marx’s term for workers lack of connection to the product of their labor, caused by workers being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product-this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness; others use the term in general sense of not feeling a part of something
self fulfilling stereotype
preconceived ideas of what someone is like that lead to the person’s behaving in ways that match the stereotype
hidden corporate culture
stereotypes of the traits that make for high performing and underperforming workers, which end up producing both types of workers
group dynamics
ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals
dyad
smallest possible group consisting of two persons
coalition
alignment of some memebers of a group against others
leader
someone who influences other people
instrumental leader
an individual who tries to keep the group moving toward its goals, aka task-oriented leader
expressive leader
an individual who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group aka socioemotional leader
authoritarian leader
leads by giving orders
Democratic leader
leads by trying to reach a consesus
laissez-faire leader
an individual who leads by being highly permissive
groupthink
a narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer and that to even suggest alternatives is a sign of disloyalty
