Chapter 5

Question 1

people who interact with one another and believe what they have in common is significant aka social group

Answer 1

group

Question 2

aggregate

Answer 2

individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but do not see themselves as belonging together
ex. shoppers at check out line or drivers at stop light

Question 3

category

Answer 3

people, objects, and events that have similar charactetistics are classified as together ex. statistic….women in college

Question 4

primary groups

Answer 4

small group characterized by cooperative, intimate, long-term, face to face relationships

Question 5

secondary groups

Answer 5

larger, temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity ex. college classes political parties

Question 6

iron law of oligarchy

Answer 6

Robert Michel’s term for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self perpetuating elite

Question 7

in-group

Answer 7

a group toward which one feels loyalty

Question 8

out group

Answer 8

a group toward which one feels antagonism

Question 9

reference group

Answer 9

a group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves

Question 10

social network

Answer 10

social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together

Question 11

clique

Answer 11

cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another

Question 12

bureaucracy

Answer 12

formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor, emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications and records

Question 13

goal displacement

Answer 13

an organization replacing old goals with new ones aka goal replacement

Question 14

McDonadization of society

Answer 14

process by which ordinary aspects of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule them, such as food preparation

Question 15

alienation

Answer 15

Marx’s term for workers lack of connection to the product of their labor, caused by workers being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product-this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness; others use the term in general sense of not feeling a part of something

Question 16

self fulfilling stereotype

Answer 16

preconceived ideas of what someone is like that lead to the person’s behaving in ways that match the stereotype

Question 17

hidden corporate culture

Answer 17

stereotypes of the traits that make for high performing and underperforming workers, which end up producing both types of workers

Question 18

group dynamics

Answer 18

ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals

Question 19

dyad

Answer 19

smallest possible group consisting of two persons

Question 20

coalition

Answer 20

alignment of some memebers of a group against others

Question 21

leader

Answer 21

someone who influences other people

Question 22

instrumental leader

Answer 22

an individual who tries to keep the group moving toward its goals, aka task-oriented leader

Question 23

expressive leader

Answer 23

an individual who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group aka socioemotional leader

Question 24

authoritarian leader

Answer 24

leads by giving orders

Question 25

Democratic leader

Answer 25

leads by trying to reach a consesus

Question 26

laissez-faire leader

Answer 26

an individual who leads by being highly permissive

Question 27

groupthink

Answer 27

a narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer and that to even suggest alternatives is a sign of disloyalty