Chapter 5

Question 1

Executive function

Answer 1

Cognitive ability to organize and prioritize the many thoughts that arise from the various parts of the brain, allowing the person to anticipate, strategize, and plan behavior

Question 2

Corpus callosum

Answer 2

Long, thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between them

Question 3

Lateralization

Answer 3

Specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain, with one side dominant for each activity

Question 4

Amygdala

Answer 4

Tiny brain structure that registers emotions, particularly fear and anxiety

Question 5

Hippocampus

Answer 5

Brain structure that is a central processor of memory

Question 6

Animism

Answer 6

Belief that natural objects and phenomena are alive in the way that humans are, as in rock having emotions and a spirit

Question 7

Egocentrism

Answer 7

Children’s tendency to think about other people and their own experiences as if everything revolves around them

Question 8

Irreversibility

Answer 8

Change is permanent, that nothing can be restored to the way it was before a change occurred

Question 9

Scaffolding

Answer 9

Temporary support that is tailored to a learners needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learner take the next step in learning something

Question 10

Pragmatic

Answer 10

Practical use of language, adjusting communication according to audience and context