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EXCI 445 SPORT NUTRITION > CHAPTER 5 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

LI is absorption of what?

A

electrolytes

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2
Q

SI is absorption of what?

A

food, absorption of water, nutrients nd electrolytes

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3
Q

Digestion in CHO happens where

A

mouth, duodenum, pancreas

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4
Q

Lipid digestion happens where

A

mouth, stomach, SI

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5
Q

Protein digestion happens where

A

stomach, small intestine and pancreas

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6
Q

in lipid digestion, which enyzmes digest primarily short and medium chain FA?

A

lingual lipase and gastric lipase

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7
Q

Explain how LCFA are broken down.

A

bie and pancreatic lpase in small intestine causes breakdown of fat into FA, diacyglerols, and monoacylglycerols. Turns into micelles

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8
Q

majority of digestion for proteins happens where

A

in small intestine

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9
Q

What do proteases do

A

breaks down proteins and peptides, provided by small intestine and pancreas

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10
Q

What do petidases do

A

hydrolyzes peptide bonds

takes short chains and transforms them into less than or equal to 3 amino acids

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11
Q

What dos trypsin do?

A

used for protein digestion

comes form pancreas

breaks peptide bonds,

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12
Q

Why does no digestion happen in the stomach for CHO digestion?

A

no digestions in stomach (HCl deactivates enzymes)

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13
Q

Absorption of carbs: glucose and galactose

A

help of sglt carrier mediated transport

Need an Na+ and ATP

Leaves with help of GLUT 2

Goes to portal vein to liver to be converted to glucose

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14
Q

Absorption of carbs: fructose

A

help of glut5 carrier mediated transport

NO ATP needed

Leaves with help of GLUT 2

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15
Q

At rest or low [Insulin] in the blood, which transporter is used?

A

GLUT1

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16
Q

When [Glucose and Insulin] are high or muscle is active, which transporter is used?

A

GLUT4

17
Q

Explain absorption of LCFA

A

micelle goes inside SI via carrier that acts like lipid bus.
TAG + apolipoproteins or phospholipids = chylomicrons

chylomicron leaves SI by passive diffusion

go to lymph system through subclavian vein

18
Q

More fat is absorbed with _______ than without.

A

bile

19
Q

Explain medium chain FA absorption

A

goes straight through passive diffusion

to the blood, portain vein to the liver

20
Q

What do the lipoprotein lipase do?

A

At the endothelial cells of adipose tissue, lipoprotein lipase (aka LPL)made by adipocytes and transported to endothelium breaks down triglycerides from chylomicron and VLDL particles liberating fatty acids.

in order to store TAG in adipose tissue

21
Q

Explain absorption of aa

A

Dipeptides tripeptides come in without help of Na+

amino acids need na+ help

ATP needed for both

di and tri turn into aa before leaving and heading to liver through portal vein

22
Q

Which absorbs faster; BCAA or AA?

A

BCAA

23
Q

Essential vs non essential: which absorbs faster?

A

essential

24
Q

Peptides or free aa: which absorbs faster?

A

peptides

25
Q

After aa are absorbed, what happens?

A

many are used by villus for protein synthesis

enzymes, hormones, N-containing compounds, glutamine used for energy, apoprotein

26
Q

When you take away the amino group from an aa, what can the carbon skeleton do (3 things)?

A

turn into FA

turn into glucose

used for energy

27
Q

exogenous protein

A

supplies 1/3 of the 300g of body protein synthesized daily

28
Q

endogenous protein

A

supplies 2/3 of the 300g of body protein synthesized daily

29
Q

one osmole means?

A

number of solute particles

30
Q

osmole is expressed how?

A

as density

31
Q

osmolarity of most bodily fluids is around what?

A

290 mOsm

32
Q

With consumption of some drinks during exercise with high osmolarity, where is that water going?

A

Into gut!

33
Q

vitamin absorption?

A

water soluble vitamins = absorbed in blood stream

fa soluble vitamins = give to blood by micelles then chylomicrons are transported via the lympth to the bloodstream and eventually to the liver

34
Q

are minerals well absrbed in intestine? whats the conclusion then?

A

no

so need to eat more than our bodies require

35
Q

Function of bacteria in digestive tract

A

Digest carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids that escape digestion and absorption.
Ferment cellulose.
Produce vitamin K, B12, thiamin, riboflavin

36
Q

positive stomach signals, explain

A 
Nervous signals (stretch stomach)
Gastrin release

cause relaxing of pyloric sphincter

says ok for chyme to pass

37
Q

negative signals at duodenum, explain

A

Prevents dumping of excessive chyme into intestine

fat content, carb content, rptein content, energy content, osmolarity, particle size

38
Q

Factors that affect gastric emptying

A 
Volume of food ingested
Exercise intensity
Osmolarity
Energy density
Meal or beverage temperature
Psychological stress
Other factors

and positive/neg signals

EXCI 445 SPORT NUTRITION (5 decks)

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